A study on comparative feeding value of corn flakes according to temperature and retention time in the pressurized steam chamber

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the effects of temperature and retention time of the pressurized steam chamber on the ruminal fermentation characteristics and nutrient degradability of corn flakes in three Korean native Hanwoo cows and three Holstein cows implanted with a ruminal fistula. Corn kernels were categorized into 13 groups based on the chamber temperature (range, 100°C–116°C) and retention time (range, 700–950 s). The pH value was lowest in T1 regardless of breed. Propionate concentration was the highest in T2 ( p < 0.05). Total-volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration was slightly but not significantly greater in T2 than in other conditions. Dry matter ( p < 0.05), starch, and crude protein ( p < 0.05) degradability were the highest in T1. At different incubation times and with different breeds, dry matter, starch, and crude protein degradability of corn flakes were the highest in T1. Thus, the present results indicate that the optimal temperature and retention time of the pressurized steam chamber should be 100°C–105°C and 700–720 s.

Factors, Harms, and Control of Corn Kernel Breakage: A Review

“…B. Excessively fast drying rate makes the rate of internal moisture transfer to the surface of the grain smaller than the rate of surface moisture evaporation, generating a large moisture gradient inside the grain, which results in differences in volume shrinkage [96,97].…”

“…Drying temperature, drying rate, moisture content and temperature gradient: In the process of thermal drying, drying temperature is an important index that affects the drying quality of grains [99,100]. Many researchers have studied the deformation characteristics of corn kernels in thermal drying, and the force-deformation curves of corn kernels show linear changes at different temperatures, and with the increase of drying temperature corn kernels begin to appear rupture phenomenon [89,96,101]. The drying process is most concerned about the drying rate, the faster drying rate can bring more revenue space, however, with the increase of drying rate, the percentage of kernel stress rupture also increases [102].…”