This chapter carried out a scoping review on cloud computing and its innovative possibilities in the use and application in medical laboratory services. While cloud computing offers numerous benefits including access to large laboratory data storage and large data processing power on demand, movement of electronic medical laboratory data through large data sets, data sharing, and access to medical laboratory results, especially to authorized medical laboratory clients and patients from different geographic locations, large data analysis public health actionable insights, and ample opportunity for retrospective and review studies on available laboratory data, the challenges such as interoperability and portability, security, and ethical issues must be addressed. Cloud brokers have emerged as mediators, linking cloud users and providers, and managing resource sharing while supporting interoperability and portability.