A study on correlation between laterality of placenta on mid trimester ultrasonography and perinatal outcome

Abstract

Background: Fetus is dependent on placenta for supply of nutrients from mother. Objective of this study was to assess the relationship between laterality of placenta by mid-trimester ultrasonography and perinatal outcome.Methods: It was a prospective observational study conducted between June 2016 to June 2017 at Burdwan Medical College, West Bengal. Participants were uncomplicated pregnant women having 18-24 weeks gestation attending antenatal clinics and admitted in ward who underwent obstetric sonography including placental localization. Women were observed till delivery. Analysis was done for site of implantation of placenta and its correlation with perinatal outcome.Results: Total of 300 women considered for the study, 195/300 (65%) had central implantation of placenta and 105/300 (35%) had lateral type of placentation. There were 4 IUFDs (1.33%); 2 (1.03) with central placenta and 2 (1.9) with lateral placenta. Among 31 (10.33%) IUGR babies 13 (6.67%) were associated with central and 18 (17.14%) with lateral placenta. Among 27 LBW babies 16 (8.21%) were related to central placenta and 11 (10.48%) were related to lateral placenta. Among 57 SNCU admissions 26 (13.33%) were related to central placenta and 31 (29.52%) were related to lateral placenta. Average birth-weight is 2.6±0.31 kg and 2.51±0.26 kg, respectively for central and lateral placenta.Conclusions: Laterally located placenta is associated with relatively poor perinatal outcome compared to central placenta with increased rates of IUGR, IUFD and LBW babies.

Placental location and obstetrical‐neonatal outcomes: A retrospective study

“…25 The implications of placental implantation site have been established in previous studies and include mainly pregnancy complications such as pre-eclampsia, postpartum hemorrhage, low APGAR score, and fetal growth restriction. 2,[12][13][14][15]17 The higher rate of preterm births in the lateral placenta group in present study support our initial assumption and is in agreement with the literature. 2,3,12,13,18 For example, in the much larger study by Granfors et al, 2 a significant association was found between lateral placentation (1860 women) and preterm birth.…”

“…Regarding our primary outcome measure, there was a clear tendency toward lower newborn birth weight in the women with a laterally located placenta, albeit without clear statistical significance according to standard parameters ( P = 0.07). A review of the literature yielded different references to the effect of lateral implantation, either positive or negative, on newborn birth weight 2,12,13,15,16 . The lack of statistical significance in our study might be attributed to the relatively small size of the lateral placenta group.…”

“…A review of the literature yielded different references to the effect of lateral implantation, either positive or negative, on newborn birth weight. 2,12,13,15,16 The lack of statistical significance in our study might be attributed to the relatively small size of the lateral placenta group.…”

“…3,11 Some found an association of lateral placental location with fetal growth restriction, pre-eclampsia, postpartum hemorrhage, low APGAR score, and intrauterine fetal death. 2,[12][13][14][15][16][17] However, these findings were not corroborated by others. [18][19][20] The aim of the present study was to explore the potential association of lateral placentation with adverse pregnancy outcomes.…”

“…Accordingly, several studies investigating the effect of different placental implantation sites concluded that a noncentral placental location may pose an increased risk of adverse obstetric outcomes 3,11 . Some found an association of lateral placental location with fetal growth restriction, pre‐eclampsia, postpartum hemorrhage, low APGAR score, and intrauterine fetal death 2,12–17 . However, these findings were not corroborated by others 18–20 …”