A Study on Following Behavior Based on the Time Headway

Abstract

While time headway (TH) is a relatively simple variable and has been well researched, it has been less explored in non-lane-based traffic. The main aim of this paper is considering lateral distance in studying TH in a non-lane-based traffic flow. In this study driving behavior, speed-TH relationship, and the following threshold by using only TH in a non-lane-based flow were investigated. In a novel approach, THs were segmented into five intervals in a step by step manner from smallest to largest THs. Considering lateral distance led to divide driving behavior into intervals (based on the average TH), including: Unsafe (0-0.7 sec), non-lane-based car-following (0.9 sec), lane-based car-following (1.0 sec), overtaking TH (1.3 sec), and free driving (larger than 2.5 sec). It was founded that the TH of starting overtaking maneuver can be a good criterion to distinguish between following and free driving behavior. Also, in lane-based car-following behavior, when lateral distance between the following and preceding vehicles was not considerable, the smallest THs were seen. It has happened around the average speed of the flow as the driver may adopt lower THs because of the tendency to overtaking. Linear relationship was found between TH and lateral distance in non-lane-based car-following conditions. TH of non-lane-based behavior is less than lane-based and smaller THs would force drivers to apply lateral distance or vice versa.

A Microscopic Heterogeneous Traffic Flow Model Considering Distance Headway

“…The forward distance headway is 5 m [40]. The lateral distance headway is typically between 0.5 m and 2.2 m [38], so here 0.5, 0.6, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.2 m are used. The difference in velocity for the proposed model is ∆v = 33.3 − 30 = 3.3 m/s.…”

“…The stability of the ID and proposed models is evaluated over a 1000 m circular road for 120 s. The value of the acceleration exponent ranges from 1 to ∞ and is typically 4 [15]. Typical values of the lateral distance headway are in the range of 0.5 m to 2.2 m [38]. Hence, the ID model is evaluated for δ = 1, 4, 10, and 30 and the proposed model for a = 0.5, 0.6, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.2 m. The leading vehicle velocity is 33.3 m/s and the following vehicle velocity is 30 m/s, so ∆v = 33.3 − 30 = 3.3 m/s.…”

A Novel Data-Envelopment Analysis Interval-Valued Fuzzy-Rough-Number Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (DEA-IFRN MCDM) Model for Determining the Efficiency of Road Sections Based on Headway Analysis

“…The headway research [14] was conducted by considering the influence of lateral distances between vehicles moving on the roadway in different lanes. In this study, driving behavior, speed/headway relationship, and the following threshold were investigated, with headways being segmented into five classes: unsafe (0-0.7 s), non-lane-based car following (0.9 s), lane-based car following (1.0 s), overtaking (1.3 s) and free driving (over 2.5 s).…”

Framework to Identify Vehicle Platoons under Heterogeneous Traffic Conditions on Urban Roads

“…This model takes into account the preference of each vehicle type for its lateral position and introduces a parameter, denoted as "b", which allows for a gradual shift towards the preferred position on the road. Ramezani Khansari et al [29] conducted a study on the driving behavior in both lane-based and non-lane-based traffic flows. The investigation explored the correlation between time headway (TH) and lateral distance in non-lane-based traffic.…”