A Study on Health-Related Quality of Life, Depression, and Associated Factors Among Parents of Children with Autism in Kermanshah, Iran

Amirian, Hoshang; Solimani, Siavash; Maleki, Fatemehe; Ghasemi, Seyed Ramin; Reshadat, Sohyla; Gilan, Nader Rajabi

doi:10.5812/ijpbs.7832

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…It is also found that if the IQ (Intelligence quotient) of the children decreases or is lower compared to other children' IQ depression in parents increases [21]. Another research with parents of autistic children found no significant gender differences in depression levels [23].…”

Section: Types Of Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression among Parents of Disabled Children

Millaku

Kraja-Bardhi

2022

ijirss

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The purpose of this study was to measure the scale of depression among parents of disabled children. The study focused on understanding the relationship between the financial state of parents and depression, gender differences and the impact of parents’ age on depression. In this research, 74 parents of disabled children participated including 37 mothers and 37 fathers. The research was conducted in the Peja region. The Beck's depression questionnaire was used. There were additional demographic questions in the questionnaire including one question about children’s diagnoses, one about parents' education and one about children's age. The SPSS 16 version was used to analyze the data. Analyses done in this research are: descriptive analyses, independent t-tests and Pearson correlations. The results have shown that mothers are more depressed than fathers. Another factor that impacts parents’ depression is their financial state where the results have shown that families with lower income tend to have more depression compared to others who have a higher income. Moreover, based on the results of the study, it was found that parents' age does not correlate with depression and parents of children with autism and mental development delays have higher scales of depression.

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Section: Types Of Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression among Parents of Disabled Children

Millaku

Kraja-Bardhi

2022

ijirss

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“…A total of 17 studies (18 records 123,[211][212][213][214][215][216][217][218][219][220][221][222][223][224][225][226] ) were identified reporting quality-of-life measures in carers and parents of children with autism or a related condition. The majority of the included studies were cross-sectional surveys, with the exception being a trial investigating a parent-targeted education programme.…”

Section: Studies Conducted In Carers and Parentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…221 All of the studies elicited values directly from the carer or parent. The most commonly used tool was the SF-36, used in 11 [214][215][216][217][218][219][220][221][222][223][224][225] of the 17 studies. A further three studies [211][212][213] reported WHOQOL-BREF, two studies 123,226 used EuroQol-5 Dimensions, one study 227 used the SF-12 and one study 123 used the SF-6D.…”

Section: Studies Conducted In Carers and Parentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interventions based on early intensive applied behaviour analysis for autistic children: a systematic review and cost-effectiveness analysis

Rodgers

Marshall

Simmonds

et al. 2020

Health Technol Assess

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Background Early intensive applied behaviour analysis-based interventions are intensive interventions for autistic children that are often delivered on a one-to-one basis for 20–50 hours per week. Objectives To evaluate the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of early intensive applied behaviour analysis-based interventions for autistic children, based on current evidence. Methods A systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of an early intensive applied behaviour analysis-based intervention for autistic children. An economic analysis included a review of existing analyses and the development of a new model. Results Twenty studies were included in the clinical review. Individual participant data were retrieved from 15 of these studies. Results favoured the interventions when assessing adaptive behaviour after 2 years compared with treatment as usual/eclectic interventions (mean difference 7.00, 95% confidence interval 1.95 to 12.06). In analyses of cognitive ability (intelligence quotient), results favoured the interventions by approximately 10 points after 1 year (mean difference 9.16, 95% confidence interval 4.38 to 13.93) and 2 years (mean difference 14.13, 95% confidence interval 9.16 to 19.10). Evidence for other outcomes was limited and meta-analyses were generally inconclusive. There was no evidence that the effect of the interventions varied with characteristics of the children, but data were limited. Adopting a £30,000 per quality-adjusted life-year threshold, the results of the cost-effectiveness analysis indicate that early intensive applied behaviour analysis-based interventions would need to generate larger benefits or cost savings to be cost-effective. Adopting a public sector perspective and making pessimistic assumptions about long-term effects, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for early intensive applied behaviour analysis-based therapy compared with treatment as usual is £189,122 per quality-adjusted life-year. When optimistic assumptions are made, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio is £46,768 per quality-adjusted life-year. Scenario analyses indicated that these interventions can potentially be cost-effective if long-term improvements persist into adulthood, or if they have significant impact on educational placement. Care should be taken when interpreting these scenarios owing to the limited data. Limitations All included studies were at risk of bias, there was substantial heterogeneity and effects varied considerably across studies. The effect of intervention on autism symptom severity, language development and school placement remains uncertain because of the limited data. The long-term effects are unclear owing to a lack of follow-up data. Conclusions This review found limited evidence that early intensive applied behaviour analysis-based interventions may improve cognitive ability and adaptive behaviour, but the long-term impact of the interventions remains unknown. The economic analysis is constrained by the limited effectiveness evidence, but suggests that these interventions are unlikely to be cost-effective unless clear long-term benefits, or a substantial change in which schools children attend, can be identified. Future work Further studies into the effectiveness of early intensive applied behaviour analysis-based interventions may be warranted if they include well-defined, alternative interventions as comparators and collect relevant outcomes. Consideration should be given to future studies that not only address whether or not early intensive applied behaviour analysis-based interventions are clinically effective, but also aim to identify which components of early intensive applied behaviour analysis-based interventions might drive effectiveness. Study registration This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42017068303. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 24, No. 35. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.

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