“…It is, therefore, essential to analyse such quality-assurance systems that are being applied among the Philippine universities. Although there is a plethora of studies relating to TQM, most of the research projects have been preliminary, theoretical, and conceptual, whether concentrating on adapting the strategies of management of tertiary institutions, or by incorporating the expertise from other countries (Aljuhani, 2019, Alzafari & Kratzer, 2019, Cudney et al, 2020, Kumar et al, 2018, Murmura et al, 2016, Nurcahyo et al, 2019, Olcay & Bulu, 2017, Wen et al, 2018. Some of the TQM studies were found to be relating to business firms, such as foods and non-food manufacturing and production (Cho et al, 2017, Ding et al, 2019, Florkowski & Jiang, 2017, Kong et al, 2016, Liao et al, 2018.…”