A study on Malaysia atmospheric effect on radio over free space optic through radio frequency signal and light propagation in fiber for future communication development

Investigation of Multiple Transceiver System for Free Space Optical Communication

“…In FSO communication system, some noise may be introduced during the process of detection and amplification of signals and it causes unwanted distortion on the received signal [15]. Besides, the front end of optical detector is the weakest due to immense noise being picked up [16].…”

Radio-over-free space optical space division multiplexing system using 3-core photonic crystal fiber mode group multiplexers

“…The FSO channel and radio channel are modeled by the generalized Malaga (M) and ημ distributions respectively. The atmospheric attenuation,  is assumed to be 0.11dB/km for clear weather, 9dB/km for light fog, 15dB/km for thin fog and 21dB/km for heavy fog, based on Malaysian weather conditions [58][59][60]. The probability of a given intensity is given by [61]:…”

Simulation of Fso System Operation in Different Atmospheric Conditions

“…The analysis was performed for different FSO link distances of 500 m, 1000 m, 1500 m and 2000 m, as well as for attenuations from 0 dB/km to 40 dB/km. Attenuation in this range is caused by the impact of various atmospheric phenomena such as clear weather, haze, rain, fog whose attenuations are given in Table 1 [7,8].…”

“…Since the signal propagates in free space, it is affected by atmospheric turbulence and pointing errors, which degrades system performance. Snow and rain have a significantly smaller impact on the transmission quality compared to atmospheric turbulence and fog [1,[6][7][8][9].…”