A study on multi-charged Xe ions formed through 3d hole states using a coincidence technique

Abstract

Multiply charged Xe ions produced through photoionization of a 3d electron have been measured using the coincidence technique. The coincidence measurement between the energy-selected Auger electron and ions specifies the individual Auger decay channels for the various multiply charged ions. It has been found that only quadruply charged ions are formed through the Auger decays of M45N45N45 type. The M45N23N45 Auger decays predominantly yield Xe5+. These findings indicate that most Xe ions produced through the initial M45 Auger transitions turn into the highest charge state between energetically accessible states through subsequent successive Auger decays. However, in the M45N1N45 and M45N23N23 decays the intensity ratio of Xe5+ with Xe6+ depends on the energy level of the Auger final states. The highly charged ions, Xe7+ and Xe8+, are produced through the initial Auger shake processes from the 3d hole states. Dedicated to the distinguished contributions to soft x-ray photochemistry research by Professor Inosuke Koyano of the Himeji Institute of Technology on the occasion of his 65th birthday.

Monte Carlo calculation of ion, electron, and photon spectra of xenon atoms in x-ray free-electron laser pulses

“…This is followed by a series of Auger decays, as shown by the green area above the initial blue bars, i.e., an Auger cascade after one-photon absorption [62]. Decay pathways after onephoton 3d-shell ionization of Xe have been studied experimentally [63,64] and theoretically [65][66][67]. Note that the time scale of the Auger cascade ranges from 10 to 100 fs, as depicted in Fig.…”

Investigation of the cascades in atoms using the global characteristics of spectra

“…They give the dependence of the intensities of various ions on the photon energy. The more refined data are obtained when using the coincidence technique [10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. The photoelectron-photoion coincidence experiment enables one to separate the charge state distribution corresponding to the creation of a vacancy in a given subshell.…”

“…The charge state and photoion spectra were studied for Ne [3,49], Ar [4,11,12,[50][51][52][53], Kr [5,6,33,[53][54][55][56], Xe [6,9,16,34,35,46,[57][58][59][60], and for all of them [61][62][63]. Also such spectra were investigated for lanthanides [7-9, 15, 32, 64-66], Mg [50,67], Al, Si, S, Ca, Fe [50], Cu [18], Sr [68], Ba [69], Au [70], Re [71], and Ta [71].…”

Formation of multi-charged Kr ions through photoionization of 2p electrons studied with a coincidence technique

“…A number of measurements of multiply charged rare gas ions have been performed using synchrotron radiation as well as charged particle beams (Carlson et al, 1966;Levin et al, 1990;Bru¨nken et al, 2002;Tamenori et al, 2002Tamenori et al, , 2004Armen et al, 2004). These ions are generated through several types of processes, e.g.…”

“…Auger decays of inner-shell holes, cascade Auger decays, Auger shake-off (double Auger decays). For analysing formation mechanism of those ions, coincidence measurements have been found to be powerful (Levin et al, 1990;Bru¨nken et al, 2002;Tamenori et al, 2002Tamenori et al, , 2004Armen et al, 2004). The coincidence technique specifying the energy of emitted electrons enables us to determine the state, through which excited ionized atoms turn into higher charge states.…”