A study on normal reference values of echocardiographic chamber dimensions in young eastern Indian adults

Abstract

Objective Various studies have shown racial differences in adult cardiac chamber measurements by echocardiography. There is lack of any large scale data from India regarding the echocardiographic chamber measurements in cardiologically healthy individuals. In this study we present the normal reference values of echocardiographic chamber dimensions in young eastern Indian adults and compare it with the data in present guidelines and recent studies involving Indian subjects. Methods This study was performed on 1377 healthy adults aged 18–35 years. Standard transthoracic echocardiographies were performed to obtain basic measurements. All measurements were indexed to body surface area. Results The mean maximal aortic valve cusp separation (ACS) and indexed ACS were significantly more in females (p = 0.002, p = 0.03). Mean left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (LVEF) and LV fractional shortening were marginally higher in females. Upper normal reference limit of LV end diastolic dimension (LVEdD) is slightly more for males. Comparing to ASE data, LVEdD, LV end systolic dimension, LV end diastolic volume, indexed LV end systolic volume, left atrial anteroposterior dimension, aortic root dimension and right ventricle outflow diameter were significantly lower in study population while LVEF was significantly higher (p < 0.0001). Conclusion The study reconfirms that Indian subjects have smaller cardiac chamber measurements compared to western population where as LVEF is higher in the Indian population and also demonstrates the wide variation of normal echocardiographic measurements within Indian subcontinent. No previous data from eastern India makes this research a singular experience.

Echocardiography protocol and cardiometabolic phenotyping in Indian birth cohorts—the IndEcho study

“…Our values fall within the most commonly used reference range provided by INDEA ( 17 ), WASE (Indian reference) ( 19 ) and ASE/EACVI (Western range) ( 8 ) ( Supplementary Table S2 ). Similarly, cardiac dimensions (LV mass, LVEDV and RWT) in our study are comparable to other native Indian reports ( 16 , 20 – 22 ), but smaller than the western population. A retrospective singe-centred study from central India by Sullere et al, reported that Indians have similar or even larger cardiac dimensions and volumes than those of Western origin ( 20 ).…”

"Exploring Cardiac Vector Propagation in Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Spatial Velocity Perspective"

“…Normal Reference [17] (68.7 ± 4.8%). The reduction in LVEF is greater in AWMI cases (37.7 ± 2.25%), than the IWMI cases (47 ± 6.06%).…”

A study on normal reference values of echocardiographic chamber dimensions in new born infants from eastern India- a pilot study

“…With the heterogeneity of data from different parts of the world in background, Bansal et al conducted a pilot study to assess the echocardiographic parameters in northern Indian adults [18]. A recent study from our centre confirmed the regional heterogenicity of echocardiographic parameters in young adults [7]. Therefore, the need for regional references of the basic echocardiographic parameters in newborn infants is paramount.…”

“…Several small studies have suggested normative data related to cardiac chambers in infants and newborn over last 50 years but none has been reported from the Indian subcontinent and no clear guidelines exist unlike adults [6]. A prior study by Mukherjee et al showed that echocardiographic chamber dimensions among normal Indian subjects not only varied from the western data but also varied among different parts of the country [7]. It is already known that differences in weight, age and race significantly affect the normal heart dimensions [8][9][10].…”