A Study on the Association between Blood Lead Levels and Habitual Tobacco and Alcohol Use in Koreans with No Occupational Lead Exposure

Blood cadmium, mercury, and lead and metabolic syndrome in South Korea: 2005–2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

“…Exposure to lead has decreased substantially in South Korea, due primarily to public health measures. Korea began phasing out leaded gasoline in 1986, and since then, blood lead levels have declined steadily [Park et al, 2008], with the decline becoming more rapid in the early 2000s [Korean Ministry of Environment, 2005; Kim and Lee, 2011]. Blood lead levels between the years assessed in the present study also declined steadily.…”

Association of Blood Pressure with Blood Lead and Cadmium Levels in Korean Adolescents: Analysis of Data from the 2010–2016 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

“…In recent years, exposure to lead has decreased substantially in South Korea, mostly due to public health measures. Korea began to phase out leaded gasoline in 1986, and blood lead levels have declined steadily since then [39], with a more rapid decline in the early 2000s [36,40]. The present study also indicated that blood lead levels declined in Korean adolescents from 2010 to…”

National estimates of blood lead, cadmium, and mercury levels in the Korean general adult population

“…While the geometric mean of the blood lead level was higher in the older groups than in the youngest group, the level was lower in those aged C60 years than in those aged 50-59 years. Several recent studies of blood lead levels in the Korean general population have also found that the levels were lower in those aged C60 or C70 years than in younger groups (Kim et al 2007;Park et al 2008Park et al , 2009). This could be partially explained by cohort effect of very old age group who were exposed to environmental lead less frequently than next younger age group in their life period.…”

“…The overall geometric mean of the blood lead level of KNHANES III is 2.61 lg/dL, which is less than one-fifth of the blood lead levels in the 1980s of the Korean population exposed to environmental lead (Kim et al 1992;Kim and Cho 1994). Korea began phasing out leaded gasoline in 1986, since when blood lead levels have steadily declined (Park et al 2008), with the decline becoming more rapid in the early 2000s (Korean Ministry of Environment 2005). Recent data indicate that the mean blood lead levels in the Korean general population range from 2.0 to 4.0 lg/dL Kim et al 2007;Park et al 2008).…”

“…Korea began phasing out leaded gasoline in 1986, since when blood lead levels have steadily declined (Park et al 2008), with the decline becoming more rapid in the early 2000s (Korean Ministry of Environment 2005). Recent data indicate that the mean blood lead levels in the Korean general population range from 2.0 to 4.0 lg/dL Kim et al 2007;Park et al 2008).…”