A Study on the Conservation of Fragmented Forests as Inhabitant Arthropods in the Newtown, Using Ant-biodiversity for Indicator as Arthropods-biodiverstiy

The contribution of the bark of isolated trees as habitat for ants in an urban landscape

“…This reduces the amount of natural vegetation and fragments it into patches of various sizes and shapes, leaving trees as relatively isolated individuals in the urban matrix (Dickman, 1987;Fujiwara et al, 2002;Rickman and Connor, 2003). Associated with this fragmentation and loss of native vegetation are reductions in the complexity of microclimates and arthropod species richness, as well as a loss of native species and their replacement by exotics (Hashimoto et al, 1994;Gibb and Hochuli, 2002;McKinney, 2006). Vegetated areas within urban landscapes are increasingly seen as valuable refuges for local biota (Snep et al, 2006;von Haaren and Reich, 2006), and a number of studies have been conducted on arthropod communities in urban forest fragments (Hashimoto et al, 1994;Nuckols and Connor, 1995;Touyama and Nakagoshi, 1994;Yui et al, 2001;Rickman and Connor, 2003;Snep et al, 2006;Yasuda and Koike, 2006;Hodgkison et al, 2007), residential gardens (Majer and Brown, 1986), and clumps of trees in urban parks (Shimada and Maruta, 1988;Terayama, 2001;Kohno et al, 2003;Yamaguchi, 2004;McFrederick and LeBuhn, 2006).…”

“…Associated with this fragmentation and loss of native vegetation are reductions in the complexity of microclimates and arthropod species richness, as well as a loss of native species and their replacement by exotics (Hashimoto et al, 1994;Gibb and Hochuli, 2002;McKinney, 2006). Vegetated areas within urban landscapes are increasingly seen as valuable refuges for local biota (Snep et al, 2006;von Haaren and Reich, 2006), and a number of studies have been conducted on arthropod communities in urban forest fragments (Hashimoto et al, 1994;Nuckols and Connor, 1995;Touyama and Nakagoshi, 1994;Yui et al, 2001;Rickman and Connor, 2003;Snep et al, 2006;Yasuda and Koike, 2006;Hodgkison et al, 2007), residential gardens (Majer and Brown, 1986), and clumps of trees in urban parks (Shimada and Maruta, 1988;Terayama, 2001;Kohno et al, 2003;Yamaguchi, 2004;McFrederick and LeBuhn, 2006). It is now recognized that planting trees might be the only option to conserve local biota in urban areas, but very few studies have examined arthropod communities on isolated trees planted in urban areas (Semlitsch and Bodie, 1998;McCoy and Mushinsky, 1999;Bhullar and Majer, 2000;Fischer and Lindenmayer, 2002).…”