A study on the effect of inter-electrode gap and pulse voltage on current density in electrochemical additive manufacturing

Kamaraj, Abishek B.; Sundaram, Murali M.

doi:10.1007/s10800-018-1177-3

Cited by 20 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Time and density affect the thickness significantly (Khedekar et al, 2017). Another previous research also mentions that the higher bulk of electrolyte concentration will result in higher deposition (Kamaraj & Sundaram, 2018). The interesting result of this electrolyte plot is the nonlinear plot.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Design of Experiment (DOE) Analysis with Response Surface Method (RSM) to Optimize the Electroplating Parameter

Permana

Purba

Hasibuan

2021

ComTech

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Identifying optimum process parameters, their effects, and contributions to the outcomes of electroplating thickness in the electroplating process is very time-consuming and requires high cost. Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) use a traditional approach in determining optimum process parameters that can lead to an inefficient result, such as a high variation in the response. Design of Experiment (DOE) can identify the significant factors in the process, show the correlation of each factor, and determine the optimum process parameter to achieve the targeted response (thickness). The research aimed to use DOE analysis with Response Surface Method (RSM) to optimize the electroplating parameter. It was experimental research using real production part as the DOE sample and Minitab statistic software to analyze the result. The used sample in the experiment was the continuous product order from a home appliance manufacturer. Then, four factors during the electroplating process were chosen: electrolyte concentration, electric current, duration of timing, and surface of the electroplated area. The results show that to reach thickness at 40 microns, it needs the optimum parameter with 5 minutes duration, electrolyte density of 22 Baume, electricity of 5 Volt, and surface area product of 415 cm2. This condition leads to capacity improvement of up to 100%. Hence, it decreases overtime costs and contributes to reducing energy consumption.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Design of Experiment (DOE) Analysis with Response Surface Method (RSM) to Optimize the Electroplating Parameter

Permana

Purba

Hasibuan

2021

ComTech

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“…Previous work has shown that the time scales inherent to the electrochemical reaction are far shorter than those of diffusive ion transport. [25,26] As a result, in standard LECD, i.e., in the absence of advection, a depletion volume starts forming around the reaction site, and the printing rate is ultimately limited by ion transport through diffusion [25,26] . Ion depletion is also undesirable as it has been shown to be associated with structural defects in the printed body.…”

Section: Characterization Of Single Metal Deposition Under Hlecdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[20] This approach has been employed for various applications, such as the fabrication of micro antennas, or direct writing of spatial interconnectors between electronic pads. [21][22][23] In recent years, the growing interest in AM miniaturization has given rise to substantial research in fundamental understanding of micro anode-based LECD, [24][25][26] and to the development of functional improvements. [27,28] This approach for localization ) between two open-ended microchannels, all terminating at the chip's apex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As ions are reduced at the object's surface, migration of ions to the deposition region becomes diffusion-limited, causing the deposition process to slow down substantially, with irregularities forming at the printing site with time. [25] A second approach for reaction localization relies on confining the electrolyte (as opposed to the electric field). In the meniscus-confined electrochemical deposition, [29][30][31] a liquid meniscus is formed between the apex of an open-tipped micro or nanochannel and the object's surface, which are maintained in close proximity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Additive Manufacturing of Multi‐Metal Microstructures by Localized Electrochemical Deposition Under Hydrodynamic Confinement

Widerker,

Kaigala,

Bercovici

2023

Adv Materials Technologies

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This study presents a device and method for multi‐metal printing of microscale structures. The method is based on combining hydrodynamic confinement of electrolytes with localized electrochemical deposition (HLECD), allowing rapid switching of the deposited metal. The device used in HLECD integrates a micro‐anode on a vertical microfluidic chip containing two open‐ended channels that control the flow of electrolytes surrounding the anode. When placed on top of a conducting surface, a localized electrochemical reaction is initiated, wherein the deposited metal composition is dictated by the electrolyte in the confinement. A range of electrolytes, which are used to deposit copper, tin, silver, and nickel, are used to fabricate multiple structures involving more than 60 material changes within a single printing process. The structures are analyzed using electron microscopy, showing the ability to achieve sharp transitions between pure metals. The constant replenishment of electrolytes also eliminates the problem of ion depletion commonly occurring in localized electrochemical deposition, and enables printing rates that are nearly an order of magnitude greater.

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“…A larger anode diameter will make the gap area between the two electrodes too large and reduce most of the effective deposition area. By analyzing the in uence of the anode rod diameter on the macroscopic ow eld at the two electrodes, the local electrodeposition of the dendrite skeleton requires maintaining a stable local fast solution ow [17] . Therefore, 6mm was chosen as the diameter of the anode rod for dendrite skeleton deposition.…”

Section: In Uence Of Different Anode Diameters On the Gap Ow Eld Betw...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation Analysis of Ni-based Dendritic Crystal Electrode Additive Manufacturing Based on COMSOL

Cao

Chen

Zhao

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Ni-based metal electrodes have been widely used as non-precious metal energy catalytic materials in the preparation of hydrogen and fuel cells fields. However, the commonly used foam electrodes have mostly disordered porous structures and low catalytic stability, making it cannot satisfy the requirements of efficient energy conversion. Therefore, it is necessary to design and prepare a low-cost, stable and reliable Ni-based catalytic electrode. This paper proposes an efficient additive manufacturing method based on jet electrodeposition and prepares Ni-based metal electrodes with unique dendritic structures. In this paper, the principle of additive manufacturing for dendritic electrodes is explained, and the macroscopic deposition environment is analyzed through finite element simulation, which can provide effective theoretical support for the reliable manufacturing process of dendritic electrodes.

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A study on the effect of inter-electrode gap and pulse voltage on current density in electrochemical additive manufacturing

Cited by 20 publications

References 28 publications

Design of Experiment (DOE) Analysis with Response Surface Method (RSM) to Optimize the Electroplating Parameter

Design of Experiment (DOE) Analysis with Response Surface Method (RSM) to Optimize the Electroplating Parameter

Additive Manufacturing of Multi‐Metal Microstructures by Localized Electrochemical Deposition Under Hydrodynamic Confinement

Simulation Analysis of Ni-based Dendritic Crystal Electrode Additive Manufacturing Based on COMSOL

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