A study on the effects of food quantity and quality on glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity and growth rate parameters of Daphnia carinata varying in age

Guo, Nining; Xie, Ping

doi:10.1007/s10452-010-9324-x

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…However, the total activity of mGST is lower than that of sGST, as is, presumably, its contribution to the detoxification. Similarly, in Daphnia carinata, decreasing GST (total) with age was associated with higher mortality and reduced tolerance towards toxic cyanobacteria (Guo and Xie, 2011).Even though D. magna is a model organism for freshwater studies, it is important not to generalize into other detoxication pathways or to toxins of different molecular structure, as Kozlowski-Suzuki et al (Kozlowski-Suzuki et al, 2009) did not find a clear relationship between GST and tolerance in copepods towards toxic phytoplankton (the dinoflagellates Alexandrium minutum, A. tamarense and Prorocentrum lima, and the haptophyte Prymnesium parvum). In their study, the phytoplankton contained nodularin, toxins causing paralytic shellfish poisoning and diarrhetic shellfish poisoning, and ichthyotoxins with haemolytic activity instead of MC.…”

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confidence: 94%

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Transgenerational effects of microcystin-LR onDaphnia magna

Ortiz-Rodríguez

Dao

Wiegand

2012

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYAnthropogenic and climate factors increase the frequency of problematic cyanobacterial blooms in freshwater. Among other toxins, some cyanobacteria produce microcystins (MCs), which inhibit phosphatases type 1 and type 2A and provokes oxidative stress. Toxic cyanobacteria affect the growth, survival and reproduction of zooplankton, particularly those from the genus Daphnia, which have a central position in pelagic food webs. However, one possibility to ameliorate effects is to biotransform MC via glutathione S transferase (GST) to a less toxic glutathione conjugate. This process was hypothesised to underlie the ability of Daphnia to withstand MC and to explain the enhanced tolerance of the offspring from mothers exposed to toxic cyanobacteria. Thus we conducted multigenerational experiments with D. magna, exposing the parental generation to MC for 1 or 7days and determining the enzyme-mediated tolerance to MC in their offspring by assessing the acute effect of MC on biotransformation and antioxidant and metabolism enzymes, and through 21day chronic tests on toxicity and growth. Seven days of exposure of the parental generation to MC induced higher activity of GST and malate dehydrogenase in the offspring and enabled them to increment the catalase activity when challenged with MC, whereas 1day of exposure of the parental generation did not. Offspring from non-exposed and 1-day-exposed mothers suffered decreased survival when exposed to MC compared with offspring from 7-day-exposed mothers; survival was correlated with the elevated activity of GST, malate dehydrogenase and catalase, suggesting maternal transfer of activation factors. However, increased survival occurred at the expense of individual growth. These results suggest that transgenerational effects are provoked by MC in D. magna, which may explain the observed acquirement of enhanced tolerance over generations.Key words: microcystin, cyanobacterial toxin, transgenerational effect, Daphnia, zooplankton. THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY 2796 cyanobacteria on Daphnia are reflected by, for example, reduced growth, survival and reproduction (Lampert, 1981; Demott et al., 1991;Hietala et al., 1995;Nogueira et al., 2004;Trubetskova and Haney, 2006; Dao et al., 2010). However, one possible way to reduce toxic effects is to biotransform the toxin MC-LR by conjugation to the tripeptide glutathione (GSH) via the enzyme glutathione S transferase (GST) (Pflugmacher et al., 1998). MCs are conjugated to GSH through the terminal methylene of N-methyldehydroalanine (Kondo, 1992), which is the moiety that binds to the active center of protein phosphatases (MacKintosh, 1995). The resulting conjugate is less toxic (Metcalf et al., 2000) and more hydrophilic, for easier transportation or excretion (Pflugmacher et al., 2001). This MC-LR detoxification process has been described in several aquatic organisms ranging from plants to invertebrates (including Daphnia magna) to fish (Pflugmacher et al., 1998;Wiegand and Pflugmacher, 2005). Three major families of prote...

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confidence: 94%

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confidence: 94%

Transgenerational effects of microcystin-LR onDaphnia magna

Ortiz-Rodríguez

Dao

Wiegand

2012

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…In contrast, Ortiz‐Rodríguez et al showed that 7‐d exposure of the parental generation to microcystins induced higher activity of GST, CAT, and malate dehydrogenase in the offspring, and that this transgenerational effect is an important mechanism in D. magna that explain the acquirement of enhanced tolerance over generations. Guo and Xie also demonstrated that GST activity depended on the age of Daphnia carinata and on the concentration of Microcystis cells in the diet (20–60% mixed with Scenedesmus ), decreasing with age and cell concentration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Single and combined effects of microcystin‐ and saxitoxin‐producing cyanobacteria on the fitness and antioxidant defenses of cladocerans

Ferrão-Filho

Silva

Oliveira

et al. 2017

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Cyanobacteria produce different toxic compounds that affect animal life, among them hepatotoxins and neurotoxins. Because cyanobacteria are able to produce a variety of toxic compounds at the same time, organisms may be, generally, subjected to their combined action. In the present study, we demonstrate the single and combined effects on cladocerans of cyanobacteria that produce microcystins (hepatotoxins) and saxitoxins (neurotoxins). Animals were exposed (either singly or combined) to 2 strains of cyanobacteria isolated from the same environment (Funil Reservoir, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). The effects on clearance rate, mobility, survivorship, fecundity, population increase rate (r), and the antioxidant enzymes glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT) were measured. Cladoceran species showed a variety of responses to cyanobacterial exposures, going from no effect to impairment of swimming movement, lower survivorship, fecundity, and general fitness (r). Animals ingested cyanobacteria in all treatments, although at lower rates than good food (green algae). Antioxidant defense responses were in accordance with fitness responses, suggesting that oxidative stress may be related to such effects. The present study emphasizes the need for testing combined actions of different classes of toxins, because this is often, and most likely, the scenario in a more eutrophic world with global climatic changes. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2689-2697. © 2017 SETAC.

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“…GST activity has been shown to decrease with age in Daphnia carinata, which was dependent on the food availability (Guo and Xie 2011). Although there is no information regarding the mechanisms controlling GST induction in Daphnia, the limited literature available shows that GST activity induction can be observed under different chemical stress conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CYP-dependent induction of glutathione S-transferase in Daphnia similis exposed to a disperse azo dye

Dafre

Umbuzeiro

et al. 2014

Ecotoxicology

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Disperse Red 1 (DR1) is an azo dye that can reach the aquatic environment through the discharge of textile industrial wastewaters. It has been tested in Daphnia similis and shown to be highly toxic. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) is a class of enzymes involved in phase I of detoxification, while glutathione S-transferase (GST) are a class of phase II enzymes. No information about phase I or II dye metabolism in microcrustacea were found in the literature. In this study we identified CYP and GST enzymes involved in the metabolism of DR1 in juveniles of D. similis. Using spectrophotometric analysis we showed that 50 % of the dye was absorbed by the organisms, which could be confirmed by the reddish color of animals exposed to DR1, however adsorption cannot be ruled out. GST activity increased from 280 to 615 nmol(-1 )min(-1 )mg when D. similis were exposed for 48 h to 0.2 mg L(-1) DR1 and from 274 to 815 nmol(-1) min(-1 )mg when exposed to 5 mg L(-1). Data clearly demonstrate that exposure to DR1 can stimulate a strong induction of GST activity, whose participation in DR1 metabolism needs to be confirmed. The induction of GST activity seems to be dependent on CYP activity, since treatment with SKF535A, a CYP inhibitor, blocked the DR1-dependent GST induction. We speculate that GST is involved in DR1 metabolism in Daphnia and that CYP activity is necessary to induce GST-activity, which is an indirect evidence of its role in the biotransformation of DR1.

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A study on the effects of food quantity and quality on glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity and growth rate parameters of Daphnia carinata varying in age

Cited by 19 publications

References 47 publications

Transgenerational effects of microcystin-LR onDaphnia magna

Transgenerational effects of microcystin-LR onDaphnia magna

Single and combined effects of microcystin‐ and saxitoxin‐producing cyanobacteria on the fitness and antioxidant defenses of cladocerans

CYP-dependent induction of glutathione S-transferase in Daphnia similis exposed to a disperse azo dye

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