A study on the effects of diatomite blend in natural pozzolan-blended cements

Yılmaz, Bülent

doi:10.1680/adcr.2008.20.1.13

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The best compressive strength values at later ages were obtained using the diatomaceous earth with the highest amorphous silica content. The late compressive strength of most pastes modified with diatomite was improved compared to that of reference cement paste which agrees with previously published reports [ 43 , 51 , 52 ].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Diatomaceous Earth—Lightweight Pozzolanic Admixtures for Repair Mortars—Complex Chemical and Physical Assessment

et al. 2022

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The presented research is focused on the complex assessment of three different types of diatomaceous earth and evaluation of their ability for application as pozzolana active admixtures applicable in the concrete industry and the production of repair mortars applicable for historical masonry. The comprehensive experimental campaign comprised chemical, mineralogical, microstructural, and physical testing of raw materials, followed by the analyses and characterization of pozzolanic activity, rheology and heat evolution of fresh blended pastes, and testing of macrostructural and mechanical parameters of the hardened 28-days and 90-days samples. The obtained results gave evidence of the different behavior of researched diatomaceous earth when mixed with water and Portland cement. The differences in heat evolution, initial and final setting time, porosity, density, and mechanical parameters were identified based on chemical and phase composition, particle size, specific surface, and morphology of diatomaceous particles. Nevertheless, the researched mineral admixtures yielded a high strength activity index (92.9% to 113.6%), evinced their pozzolanic activity. Three fundamental factors were identified that affect diatomaceous earth’s contribution to the mechanical strength of cement blends. These are the filler effect, the pertinent acceleration of OPC hydration, and the pozzolanic reaction of diatomite with Portland cement hydrates. The optimum replacement level of ordinary Portland cement by diatomaceous earth to give maximum long-term strength enhancement is about 10 wt.%., but it might be further enhanced based on the properties of pozzolan.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Diatomaceous Earth—Lightweight Pozzolanic Admixtures for Repair Mortars—Complex Chemical and Physical Assessment

et al. 2022

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“…Nowadays, it is common to use diatomites in areas related to cement, concrete, and high-performance mortars. Yilmaz [ 1 , 2 ] and Janotka et al [ 3 ] consider diatomites as amorphous and porous materials, and on this basis they have focused their research on the hydraulic effect produced by the standardized mixture of natural and calcined diatomites with Portland cement in varying proportions, resulting in an improvement in pozzolanic reactivity, a decrease in setting time, a reduction in the alkali, and a consequent increase in the normal mechanical strength of the mortars. Along the same lines, Mota and Chagas [ 4 ] as well as Paiva et al [ 5 ] found that reducing the size of diatomite particles to 10 μm significantly increased the surface area, porosity, hydraulic activity, and mechanical strength of the diatomite-portlandite interface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diatomites from the Iberian Peninsula as Pozzolans

Costafreda

Martín

Astudillo³

et al. 2023

Materials

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The object of this work is to study and characterize diatomites from the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula to establish their character and quality as natural pozzolans. This research carried out a morphological and chemical characterization study of the samples using SEM and XRF. Subsequently, the physical properties of the samples were determined, including thermic treatment, Blaine particle finesse, real density and apparent density, porosity, volume stability, and the initial and final setting times. Finally, a detailed study was conducted to establish the technical properties of the samples through chemical analysis of technological quality, chemical analysis of pozzolanicity, mechanical compressive strength tests at 7, 28, and 90 days, and a non-destructive ultrasonic pulse test. The results using SEM and XRF show that the samples are composed entirely of colonies of diatoms whose bodies are formed by silica between 83.8 and 89.99% and CaO between 5.2 and 5.8%. Likewise, this indicates a remarkable reactivity of the SiO2 present in both natural diatomite (~99.4%) and calcined diatomite (~99.2%), respectively. Sulfates and chlorides are absent, while the insoluble residue portion for natural diatomite is 1.54% and 1.92% for calcined diatomite, values comparatively lower than the standardized 3%. On the other hand, the results of the chemical analysis of pozzolanicity show that the samples studied behave efficiently as natural pozzolans, both in a natural and calcined state. The mechanical tests establish that the mechanical strength of the mixed Portland cement and natural diatomite specimens (52.5 MPa) with 10% PC substitution exceeds the reference specimen (51.9 MPa) after 28 days of curing. In the case of the specimens made with Portland cement and calcined diatomite (10%), the compressive strength values increase even more and exceed the reference specimen at both 28 days (54 MPa) and 90 days (64.5 MPa) of curing. The results obtained in this research confirm that the diatomites studied are pozzolanic, which is of vital importance because they could be used to improve cements, mortars, and concrete, which translates to a positive advantage in the care of the environment.

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“…However, as a replacement for 5% of Portland cement, it allows to obtain mechanical properties similar to the reference sample while improving the sulfate resistance of mortars. Yilmaz [ 31 ] reported that after both 28 and 360 days of hydration, the compressive of mortars containing up to 10% of diatomite blended with OPC was comparable to the reference sample, while for 20% of the substitution, a 24% decrease was observed. The water demand of the binder increased from 28.4 wt.% to 30.0–37.0 wt.% for 10–20% of the addition, while the initial setting time was shortened by 10–15 min.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of Alternative Mineral Additives in Low-Emission Sustainable Cement Composites

Kapeluszna

Szudek

Wolka³

et al. 2021

Materials

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The influence of four naturally occurring mineral additives (zeolite, diatomite, trass and bentonite) on the hydration and properties of cement pastes and mortars was investigated. The materials change the phase composition, heat of hydration (determined by calorimetry) and mechanical properties of composites. After 28 days, the amount of Ca(OH)2 was reduced by up to 23% and up to 35% more C-S-H was formed, as proved by TG measurements. Differences were observed in the kinetics of heat release, especially for 25% of the addition. In the calorimetric curves, an additional exothermic effect is observed, related to the alteration in the hydration of C3A in cement. From the point of view of beneficial influence on mechanical properties of mortars, the additives could be ranked as follows: bentonite < diatomite, zeolite < trass after 2 days and bentonite < diatomite < trass < zeolite after 28 days of curing. The highest compressive strength (58.5 MPa) was observed for the sample with a 10% addition of zeolite. Zeolite, trass, bentonite and diatomite are all pozzolanic materials; however, their activity varies to an extent due to the differences in their specific surface area and the content of the amorphous phase, responsible for the pozzolanic reaction.

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A study on the effects of diatomite blend in natural pozzolan-blended cements

Cited by 15 publications

References 29 publications

Diatomaceous Earth—Lightweight Pozzolanic Admixtures for Repair Mortars—Complex Chemical and Physical Assessment

Diatomaceous Earth—Lightweight Pozzolanic Admixtures for Repair Mortars—Complex Chemical and Physical Assessment

Diatomites from the Iberian Peninsula as Pozzolans

Implementation of Alternative Mineral Additives in Low-Emission Sustainable Cement Composites

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