A study on the kinetics of gold nanowire electrodeposition in polycarbonate templates

Soleimany, L.; Dolati, Abolghasem; Ghorbani, Mohammad

doi:10.1016/j.jelechem.2010.04.007

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…When assuming the AAO surface to be electrically inert, the geometric electrode area must be reduced by subtracting a geometrical area fraction of approximately 0.55 that is covered by AAO. Generally, an increase in current upon increased overpotential is consistent with already published results . In addition, the current responses of AAO‐covered electrodes scale with the thickness of the AAO membrane.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Valizadeh et al [ 14 ] small 2015, 11, No. 26,[3174][3175][3176][3177][3178][3179][3180][3181][3182] proposed the treatment of the system by the abstraction of an extremely recessed nanoelectrode array (calling them nanodes). Such nanodes, or more systematically speaking ultramicroelectrode (UME) arrays, have some exclusive and benefi cial properties, as there are very low signal-to-noise ratios, extremely high rate constants or currents that do not scale with the electrode area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface Influences on the Electrodiffusive Behavior in Mesoporous Templates

Graf

Poppe

Eychmüller

2015

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The physicochemical details of the well-established template-assisted electrodeposition process for metal nanowire fabrication are investigated with respect to the physical origination for template geometry limitation. The overall process of metal reduction inside anodized Al2 O3 (AAO) is divided into three parts: i) the electrochemical reduction at the pore bottom, ii) the diffusion of the electrolytic species, and iii) the capacitive interaction between pore surface and electrolyte. The results show that the reduction of Ni is controlled by the degree of electrode recession, i.e., the pore depth. Applying Cottrell's equation to pulsed electrodeposition enables experimental access to diffusion coefficients (DNi2+). This gives a gradient in DNi2+ along with the filling process. The switch-over from crystallization to diffusion control is investigated to depend on temperature and pore length. Additionally, the electrode surface capacitance scales non-linearly with the pore depth. This is deduced as a consequence of electrostatic surface-electrolyte interaction. A minimum in the electrode capacitance at a pore length of 48 μm is identified as the point with maximum thickness of a double-layer-type surface effect to the electrolyte. The results extend the template's role from simply geometrically limiting metal growth and explain occurring process issues when filling especially high-aspect-ratio pores.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Influences on the Electrodiffusive Behavior in Mesoporous Templates

Graf

Poppe

Eychmüller

2015

Small

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“…The electrodeposition of gold nanowires from cyanide baths using polycarbonate templates with pore diameter of 80 nm has been reported [51]. Electrochemical methods were used to characterize the gold electrodeposition process and to investigate the nucleation and growth mechanism.…”

Section: Gold Nanowiresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrodeposition: a versatile and inexpensive tool for the synthesis of nanoparticles, nanorods, nanowires, and nanoclusters of metals

2010

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The synthesis of various nanoscale materials, such as nanoparticles, nanowires of Au, Pt, Ni Co, Fe, Ag etc., by electrodeposition techniques have been demonstrated in this article. Both potentiostatic and galvanostatic methods were employed to carry out the electrodeposition process under different potential ranges, time durations, and current densities. The electrochemical behavior of the deposited nanoparticles on various substrates was investigated by cyclic voltammetric and chronoamperometric techniques. The synthesis of mono-dispersed gold (Au) nanoparticles on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass, preparation of Au nanorods on nanoporous anodic alumina oxide (AAO), formation of Au nanoclusters on polypyrrole-modified glassy carbon electrode and one-step electrodeposition of nickel nanoparticle chains embedded in TiO 2 etc. have been highlighted in this article. The potential applications of synthesized nanoparticles such as the role of maghemite (Fe 2 O 3 ) in arsenic remediation, higher electrocatalytic activity of Ag nanoclusters for the reduction of benzyl chloride, and the role of C 60 nanoparticle-doped carbon film in fabrication processes are also presented in this article.

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“…[4][5][6][7] Of particular interest is the substantial literature on solution or vapor processing to yield a wide variety of nanostructures including high aspect ratio nanowires. 4,8,9 Solution-based, chemical reduction processes are attractive because they are inexpensive and scalable.9-18 Subsequent processing involving particle packing and/or substrate interactions can lead to higher order organization and colloidal crystals.19 Alternatively, nanostructures can be grown on or in surfaces that have been shaped by lithography or other means to obtain control of orientation and/or placement.8 Electrochemical processing may involve throughmask plating in patterned templates 20,21 or superconformal electrodeposition of metals and alloys [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] including gold 32-34 in high aspect ratio features. However, these processes require nanoscale patterned topography to create such structures and the associated patterning often comes with increased processing complexity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological Transitions during Au Electrodeposition: From Porous Films to Compact Films and Nanowires

Josell

Levin

Moffat

2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Gold electrodeposition was studied in a sulfite electrolyte to which micromolar concentrations of Tl 2 SO 4 were added. Hysteresis and a regime of negative differential resistance (NDR) evident in electroanalytical measurements are correlated with deposit morphology and interpreted through measurements of thallium underpotential deposition (upd). Deposit morphologies range from specular surfaces to highly faceted dendrite-like grains of moderate aspect ratio and, for potentials within the NDR region, sub-50 nm diameter, high aspect ratio 110 oriented single crystal nanowires. The nanowires exhibit an epitaxial relationship to the substrate that permits one step fabrication of surfaces densely covered with high aspect ratio nanowires having controlled orientations. The NDR and nanowires are a consequence of the non-monotonic relationship between Tl coverage and growth velocity; at low coverage Tl accelerates Au deposition while at higher coverage it inhibits deposition. Immiscibility of the Tl and Au supports on-going surface segregation during area expansion that accompanies nanowire growth leading to greater dilution of the additive coverage and more rapid growth at the nanowire tips, while the sidewalls remain passivated by a saturated Tl coverage. Interest in nanostructures is driven by the unique properties associated with high surface area to volume materials that express quantum or mesoscale phenomena of importance to diverse subjects ranging from biology and medicine 1-3 to optics and energy conversion. [4][5][6][7] Of particular interest is the substantial literature on solution or vapor processing to yield a wide variety of nanostructures including high aspect ratio nanowires. 4,8,9 Solution-based, chemical reduction processes are attractive because they are inexpensive and scalable.9-18 Subsequent processing involving particle packing and/or substrate interactions can lead to higher order organization and colloidal crystals.19 Alternatively, nanostructures can be grown on or in surfaces that have been shaped by lithography or other means to obtain control of orientation and/or placement.8 Electrochemical processing may involve throughmask plating in patterned templates 20,21 or superconformal electrodeposition of metals and alloys [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] including gold 32-34 in high aspect ratio features. However, these processes require nanoscale patterned topography to create such structures and the associated patterning often comes with increased processing complexity.Controlled anisotropic growth and orientation, if not position, is possible through vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth processes. Fabrication of semiconductor and oxide nanowires typically uses dewetting of a low melting point metal catalyst where the resulting clusters set the feature size while epitaxy to the underlying substrate can control the growth orientation. 5,[35][36][37] More recently, an electrochemical electrolyte-liquid-solid analog has been demonstrated for growth of Ge nanowires. [38][39][40] In another ap...

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A study on the kinetics of gold nanowire electrodeposition in polycarbonate templates

Cited by 24 publications

References 34 publications

Surface Influences on the Electrodiffusive Behavior in Mesoporous Templates

Surface Influences on the Electrodiffusive Behavior in Mesoporous Templates

Electrodeposition: a versatile and inexpensive tool for the synthesis of nanoparticles, nanorods, nanowires, and nanoclusters of metals

Morphological Transitions during Au Electrodeposition: From Porous Films to Compact Films and Nanowires

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