A study on the mechanism of polyvinyl chloride stabilization by lead salts

Zil'berman, E. N.; Kulikova, A. E.; Meiman, S.B; Okladnov, N.A.; Lebedev, V.P.

doi:10.1002/pol.1970.150080928

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…1,2 However, there exists a shortage in PVC that its thermal stability is too poor to be applied in high temperature, which is mainly due to the structural deficiency of PVC itself. 10 Even though organic tin stabilizer conforms to environmental protection, the price is so high that domestic production is quite small. [3][4][5][6][7] To solve the existed problem, various thermal stabilizers had been discovered and added into PVC in its processing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lead salts thermal stabilizers cost low and have good long-term stability, but the poisonous property of lead restricts its usage in food package. 10 Even though organic tin stabilizer conforms to environmental protection, the price is so high that domestic production is quite small. 11 Other stabilizers like metal soap and organic auxiliary stabilizers are usually used with other thermal stabilizers owing to limited stability in initial stage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of sodium stearate‐modified hydrocalumite on the thermal stability of poly(vinyl chloride)

Yang

2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Hydrocalumite as a new-type of thermal stabilizer used in poly(vinyl chloride) resin had been well prepared by using precipitation transformation method. The as-prepared hydrocalumite was then modified by sodium stearate in different condition including temperature, stirring time, and the amount of sodium stearate. Scanning electron microscopy tests demonstrate that hydrocalumite had been well modified. Illustrated by activation grade, the static oven heat aging experiments and the rate of thermal weight loss, it turns out that the best modification condition is when the addition of sodium stearate is 6% of hydrocalumite (wt), the reacting temperature is 90 8C, and the stirring time is 100 min. Static thermal aging test shows that the aging time got improved at least 30 min under the high temperature of 190 8C, and the time when Congo red test paper began to turn blue for modified hydrocalumite is 20 min longer than that of unmodified hydrocalumite. All results turn out to be that the hydrocalumite modified by sodium stearate in such condition had good compatibility with poly(vinyl chloride) and presented better thermal stability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of sodium stearate‐modified hydrocalumite on the thermal stability of poly(vinyl chloride)

Yang

2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The interaction of hydrogen sulfide with lead‐ and barium–cadmium–zinc‐stabilized poly(vinyl chloride)

Graedel¹,

Franey²,

Starnes³

et al. 1979

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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SynopsisPoly(viny1 chloride) polymers stabilized with tribasic lead sulfate discolor upon exposure to hydrogen sulfide gas as a result of lead sulfide formation. The discoloration occurs for samples in both cord and sheet forms and is shown to be a function of total H2S exposure, reaching a limiting value that is determined by the amount of lead stabilizer used in the polymer formulation. The permeation and diffusion constants for H2S through PVC stabilized with tribasic lead sulfate and with a liquid Ba-Cd-Zn formulation are found to be P p b = (6.0 f 0.2) X PBaCdZn = (5.2 f 0.2) X (both in cm3 gas-cm film/cm2 area.sec.cm Hg), Dpb = (1.3 f 0.2) X cm2/sec, and &cdzn = (6.4 f 0.6) X lo-* cm2/sec, all measured a t 21OC. The stabilizing efficiencies of the formulations were assessed by HC1 evolution measurements, which show that exposure to H2S decreases the initial polymer stability for both Pb-stabilized and Ba-Ca-Zn-stabilized formulations. Protection of stabilized PVC formulations from diffusing hydrogen sulfide is thus advisable for long-term stability as well as for color integrity.

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Röntgenographische Untersuchungen zum Abbau von bleihaltigen Stabilisatoren im PVC

Martius

Brand

1978

Cryst Res and Technol

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Rontgenographische Untersuchungen zum Abbau von bleihaltigen Stabilisatoren im PVCRonbgenographische Untersuchungsmethoden konnen nicht nur zur Charakterisierung technischer kristalliner Zusatzstoffe fur Plaste herangezogen werden. Im Falle der Stabilisatoren zweibasisches Bleistearat und dreibasisches Bleisulfat im PVC wird gezeigt, daS man den Abbau dieser Stoffe bei thermischer Beanspruchung des Materials durch Anfertigung von Diffraktogrammen erfassen kann, wobei basische Bleioxichloride als kristalline Zwischenstufen erkennbar werden. Als Endprodukt der Reaktion der Bleistabilisatoren mit dem bei der Spaltung des PVC freigesetzten HC1 entsteht Bleichlorid, wobei auch die Umsetzung des Sulfatanteils des dreibasischen Bleisulfats in dieser Verbindung in Betracht gezogen werden muB. Die Intensitiiten der Interferenzen des dreibasischen Bleisulfats und des Bleichlorids auf den Rontgendiffraktogrammen gestatten den Abbauzustand des Werkstoffes nach einem mit einer thermischen Beanspruchung verbundenen VerarbeitungsprozeS einzuschatzen. Es besteht auch die Moglichkeit, die thermische Stabilitat verschiedener bleistabilisierter PVC-Materialien miteinander zu vergleichen.

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A study on the mechanism of polyvinyl chloride stabilization by lead salts

Cited by 8 publications

References 3 publications

The effect of sodium stearate‐modified hydrocalumite on the thermal stability of poly(vinyl chloride)

The effect of sodium stearate‐modified hydrocalumite on the thermal stability of poly(vinyl chloride)

The interaction of hydrogen sulfide with lead‐ and barium–cadmium–zinc‐stabilized poly(vinyl chloride)

Röntgenographische Untersuchungen zum Abbau von bleihaltigen Stabilisatoren im PVC

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