A study on the precipitation in Izmir, Turkey: chemical composition and source apportionment by receptor models

Yatkin, Sinan; Adali, Mutlu; Bayram, Abdurrahman

doi:10.1007/s10874-015-9325-1

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Marine and crustal enrichment factors (EFs) were applied to identify and examine the sources and contributions of major ions in rainwater [41,42]. Enrichment factors are based on the elemental ratio found between ions measured in rainwater compared to a similar ratio for a reference material [40].…”

Section: Origins Of Major Ions In Precipitation Marine and Crustal Enmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the neutralisation, wet deposition and source contributions of the precipitation chemistry over Europe during 2000–2017

et al. 2019

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Background: The chemical composition of precipitation was assessed in 27 European countries from 2000 to 2017, offering a general point of view on the rainwater chemistry in Europe, contributing to a larger understanding of air pollution and atmospheric chemistry. Results: The volume-weighted mean concentrations (VWM) were calculated, showing the relative dominance of SO 4 2− and Cl − , explaining the acidic and slightly acidic pH values that ranged from 4.19 to 5.82 over Europe. The VWM concentrations of ionic species measured in rainwater usually followed the SO 4 2

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Section: Origins Of Major Ions In Precipitation Marine and Crustal Enmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the neutralisation, wet deposition and source contributions of the precipitation chemistry over Europe during 2000–2017

et al. 2019

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“…The other ions in the precipitation samples of the studied stations show both marine and continental sources. An enrichment factor (EF) was used to determine and examine the origins and contributions of the dominant ions in the Middle East precipitation [96,97]. The enrichment factor is calculated by comparing the elemental ratio between some major ions measured in the Middle East precipitation with a similar ratio in marine sources [98].…”

Section: The Sea Salt and Nonsea Salt Contributions To The Middle Eas...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Overview of the Hydrochemical Characteristics of Precipitation across the Middle East

Heydarizad

Gimeno

Amiri

et al. 2022

Water

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The Middle East is located in a semiarid and arid region and is faced with an intense water shortage crisis. Therefore, studying the hydrochemical characteristics of precipitation as a main part of the water cycle has great importance in this region. The hydrochemical analyses showed that the quality of precipitation was mainly affected by dust particles originating from terrestrial environments, while marine and anthropogenic sources had a minor role. The statistical studies showed that the dissolution of evaporative and carbonate minerals mainly controlled the hydrochemistry of precipitation. Precipitation had an acidic nature in some stations and a nonacidic nature in others. Ca2+ was the major acid-neutralizing cation in the Middle East precipitation. Various machine learning methods were also used to simulate the TDS values in precipitation. The accuracy of the developed models was validated, showing that the model developed by the Gboost method was more accurate than those developed by other machine learning techniques due to its higher R2 values. To conclude, the hydrochemistry of precipitation showed significant variations across the Middle East. The dissolution of particles with terrestrial origins dominantly controlled the hydrochemistry of precipitation, while marine and anthropogenic sources had minor roles.

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“…Thus, the ratio between ion and the index ions (enrichment factor; EF) could be used to find out the derived source of the ions. The EFs are often calculated to identify the derived source and contributions of major ions in rainwater [34,35]. Generally, Na + is used as the indicator element of seawater, since it is assumed to be originating only from marine sources [3,36], and Ca 2+ is as a reference ion for the crustal indicator [19].…”

Section: Enrichment Factors and Relative Source Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Components and Sources of Acid Deposition in Northeast Asia: A Case Study of the Coastal and Metropolitan Cities in Northern Taiwan

et al. 2020

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In this study, temporal variations, major ion reference indexes, correlation analysis, and statistical data were used to investigate the chemical characteristics of the atmospheric pollutants in wet deposition and reasons for their formation, and further insight into the impact of local and regional atmospheric pollutant distributions on urban and coastal area environments. From November 2014 to October 2015, 158 rainwater samples were collected in coastal Wanli and urban Banqiao of southern Northeast Asia (northern Taiwan). The mean pH of the coastal and urban was 4.63 and 4.58, respectively, lower than the mean (5.31) of 10 East Asia regions during the year of 2015. This was possibly because the concentration of the combined SO42− and NO3− in the study area were greater than the mean of the 10 East Asian regions. This is verified by the calculation of sea-salt fraction (SSF) and non-SSF fraction (NSSF) in study areas, which indicated that Na+ and Cl− accounted for over 85% of the SSF, without Na+ in Banqiao, were mainly due to marine sources. For the NSSF, in addition to SO42− in Wanli, nearly 90% of wet disposition was from SO42− and NO3−, which were emitted from human activities. Furthermore, the analysis of fractional acidity (FA), neutralization factors (NF), neutralization potential (NP), and acidification potential (AP) revealed that acidified precipitation was caused by a lack of neutralizing compounds, which resulted in less neutralization of acidic precipitation. Finally, the results of correlation and principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that because coastal area were geographically closer to the ocean, wet deposition mainly comes from marine sources. However, in urban with a high population density and high traffic quantity, the ions in wet deposition primarily come from anthropogenic activities, such as industrial combustion and vehicle emissions.

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A study on the precipitation in Izmir, Turkey: chemical composition and source apportionment by receptor models

Cited by 15 publications

References 27 publications

Assessing the neutralisation, wet deposition and source contributions of the precipitation chemistry over Europe during 2000–2017

Assessing the neutralisation, wet deposition and source contributions of the precipitation chemistry over Europe during 2000–2017

A Comprehensive Overview of the Hydrochemical Characteristics of Precipitation across the Middle East

Assessment of the Components and Sources of Acid Deposition in Northeast Asia: A Case Study of the Coastal and Metropolitan Cities in Northern Taiwan

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