A Study on the relationship between orthorexia and vegetarianism using the BOT (Bratman Test for Orthorexia)

Dittfeld, Anna; Gwizdek, Katarzyna; Jagielski, Paweł; Brzęk, Anna; Ziora, Katarzyna

doi:10.12740/pp/75739

Cited by 44 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Our results are consistent with previous research using the same questionnaire (EHQ) [20,33]. Other studies (using another methods) have also indicated that individuals following a vegetarian diet reported more orthorexic behaviors than those who follow an omnivorous diet [17,34,35]. It is worth pointing out that both vegetarian diet and orthorexia nervosa share some similarities: specific food selection (consuming healthy and organic food), making eating-related issues an important area of one's own life, focusing on quality of food intake, reduction of food intake according to specific nutrition rules, nutrition rules specifying which foods are "allowed" and which are "forbidden, rigid food rules and an inability to remain flexible in one's eating habits" [20].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Interaction between Vegetarian Versus Omnivorous Diet and Unhealthy Eating Patterns (Orthorexia Nervosa, Cognitive Restraint) and Body Mass Index in Adults

Brytek-Matera

2020

Nutrients

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The objective of the present study was two-fold: Firstly, to investigate unhealthy eating patterns and body mass index among individuals following a vegetarian diet and those following an omnivorous diet. Secondly, to examine interaction between vegetarian versus omnivorous diet and unhealthy eating patterns (orthorexia nervosa, cognitive restraint) and body mass index using a structural equation modeling approach (SEM). The study included 370 participants: 188 participants following a vegetarian diet and 182 following an omnivorous diet. Unhealthy eating patterns and body mass index were measured. Our results showed that individuals following a vegetarian diet were more likely to engage in orthorexic eating behavior compared to individuals following an omnivorous diet. In addition, they had a significantly lower levels of cognitive restraint and lower body mass index than individuals following an omnivorous diet. Use of SEM method showed that:(1) following a vegetarian diet and orthorexia nervosa were directly associated, (2) following an omnivorous diet and cognitive restraint were directly related and (3) following an omnivorous diet had a greater tendency to cognitive restraint and an elevated body mass index. More research is necessary to further understand the complexity of the relationship between type of diet and unhealthy eating patterns in adults.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Interaction between Vegetarian Versus Omnivorous Diet and Unhealthy Eating Patterns (Orthorexia Nervosa, Cognitive Restraint) and Body Mass Index in Adults

Brytek-Matera

2020

Nutrients

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“…Zu Beginn der wissenschaftlichen Betrachtung des Phänomens ON wurden im Kontext sozio-kultureller Einflüsse Zusammenhänge mit anderen (restriktiven) Ernährungsstilen postuliert [2,12]. Während die Mehrzahl der Studien tatsächlich auf ein vermehrtes Auftreten orthorektischen Verhaltens bei Vegetariern/Veganern im Vergleich zu Nicht-Vegetariern weist [23,34,45,51,55,57,73], liefern wenige Studien auch gegenteilige Befunde mit entweder geringsten Werten bei Veganern [20] oder vergleichbare Werte zwischen verschiedenen Ernährungsstilen [50]. Aus den erwähnten Studien deutet sich als möglicher Mediator v. a. das gezügelte Essverhalten an.…”

Section: Abgrenzung Zu Anderen Verhaltensmerkmalenunclassified

“…So zeigte sich entweder kein Einfluss des Bildungsgrades bzw. Status oder leicht erhöhte Werte bei Personen mit geringerem Bildungsgrad [2,24,25,34,45,57]. Studien an Studierenden zeichnen ein leicht anderes Bild.…”

Section: äTiologie (Sozio-) Demografie Und Bmiunclassified

Orthorexia nervosa: Verhaltensauffälligkeit oder neue Störungskategorie?

Strahler

Stark

2018

Suchttherapie

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ZusammenfassungZahlreiche epidemiologische Studien zeigen, dass es sich bei Orthorexia nervosa, der zwanghaften Fixierung auf gesundes Essen, um ein bekanntes und verbreitetes Phänomen in verschiedenen Ländern und Kulturen handelt (Prävalenzen zwischen 1 und 7% in der deutschen Allgemeinbevölkerung). Die Diskussion, ob es sich dabei jedoch lediglich um ein gesellschaftliches Phänomen bzw. Verhaltensauffälligkeit handelt, eine (subklinische) Essstörung oder eine Zwangsstörung, oder ob man dieses Verhalten zur Gruppe der Verhaltenssüchte zählen sollte, steht dabei ganz am Anfang. Nur wenige Studien beschäftigen sich mit dieser differenzialdiagnostischen Abgrenzung. Unter Beachtung der Uneinigkeit in Bezug auf die Definition des Phänomens legen aktuelle Studien am ehesten eine Klassifizierung im Rahmen der Essstörungen nahe. Zweifel entstehen v. a. aus dem deutlichen Überlappungsgrad zu anderen Lebensstilmerkmalen. Ähnlich rar sind Studien, die die klinische Relevanz eines orthorektischen Essverhaltens nachzeichnen sowie mögliche Entstehungsmechanismen thematisieren. Alter und Geschlecht spielen nach aktuellen Erkenntnissen eine eher untergeordnete Rolle. Studien zum Einfluss von Bildung und Gewicht deuten auf einen schwachen bis moderaten U-förmigen Zusammenhang mit orthorektischen Verhaltensweisen. Ebenso werden Aspekte wie Schönheitsideal, Perfektionismus sowie Fitness- und Gesundheitsorientierung immer wieder als relevant beschrieben. Studien zu neuropsychologischen und biologischen Korrelaten fehlen fast komplett. Der vorliegende Artikel gibt einen Überblick über den aktuellen Forschungsstand, zeigt verschiedene Erklärungsansätze und reflektiert kritisch über den aktuellen Wissensstand.

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“…Previous studies that analyzed the occurrence and symptoms of ON have focused on the eating behaviors to some extent. The researchers first assessed ON tendency in groups following special diets, especially a vegetarian or vegan diet [22][23][24][25], and evaluated the frequency of food intake [26]. To date, other eating habits or dietary patterns (DPs) of people showing ON tendency have only been rarely studied [10,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orthorexic Tendency and Eating Disorders Symptoms in Polish Students: Examining Differences in Eating Behaviors

Plichta

Jeżewska-Zychowicz

2020

Nutrients

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Orthorexia nervosa (ON) may precede, ensue, or coexist with eating disorders (ED) and also affect eating behaviors. The aim of this study was to explore the dietary patterns (DPs) and other eating habits of people showing ON tendency, ED symptoms, and both ON tendency and ED symptoms, as well as those not showing either. The data for the study were collected from a sample of 1120 Polish college students through a cross-sectional survey in 2017. The questionnaire used in the survey included the ORTO-15, the Eating Disorder Screen for Primary Care (ESP), and the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ-6), and the students were also asked questions about their eating habits and special diets. A factor analysis was conducted to identify the following five DPs: “high-sugar products and refined products,” “meat and meat products,” “alcohol,” “high-fiber products and nuts,” and “dairy products and whole-meal bread.” Univariate logistic regression analyses were carried out to verify the associations between the variables. Students in the “ON and without ED” group were found to exhibit more healthy eating habits than the students in the “ED and without ON” group. The use of a special diet in the past and currently increased the risk of displaying ON tendency and ED symptoms. Students in the “ON and without ED” and “ON and ED” groups were characterized by less frequent consumption of high-sugar and refined products. Students who rarely consumed meat and related products were found to be less likely to display “ON and ED.” In conclusion, different eating habits shown by people with ON tendency and ED symptoms confirmed the difference between ON and ED. However, the simultaneous displaying of ON and ED leads to the overlapping of specificity of eating habits, which can make the diagnosis based only on the eating habits difficult. Thus, there is still a need for further research involving the use of more sensitive tools that can better identify ON tendency and ED symptoms, as well as DPs.

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A Study on the relationship between orthorexia and vegetarianism using the BOT (Bratman Test for Orthorexia)

Cited by 44 publications

References 13 publications

Interaction between Vegetarian Versus Omnivorous Diet and Unhealthy Eating Patterns (Orthorexia Nervosa, Cognitive Restraint) and Body Mass Index in Adults

Interaction between Vegetarian Versus Omnivorous Diet and Unhealthy Eating Patterns (Orthorexia Nervosa, Cognitive Restraint) and Body Mass Index in Adults

Orthorexia nervosa: Verhaltensauffälligkeit oder neue Störungskategorie?

Orthorexic Tendency and Eating Disorders Symptoms in Polish Students: Examining Differences in Eating Behaviors

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