The performance of joint structure is an important aspect of composite material design. In this study, we examined the compression shear bearing capacity of the adhesively bonded single-lap joint structure of high-temperature-resistant composite materials (C/C composite materials). The test pieces were produced in accordance with the appropriate ASTM C1292 standard, which were used for the compression shear test. The failure morphology of the layer was observed by a digital microscopic system and scanning electron microscope. The experimental result shows that the load on the test piece increased nonlinearly until the failure occurred, and most of the adhesive layer exhibited cohesive failures at three temperature points (400, 600, and 800 • C), while the interface failures occurred in a small part of the adhesive layer. A numerical analysis model was established using ABAQUS finite element software. The simulation results were compared with the test results to verify the correctness of the model. On the basis of correctness of the model verified by comparing the simulation results and the test results, the influences of temperature and overlapped length on the joint compression shear performance were studied through the validated simulation method. Numerical results showed that the ultimate load of the joint decreased with increases in temperature and that the distribution trends of the shear stresses in the overlapped length direction were substantially the same for joints of different overlapped lengths.Adhesively bonded joints nonetheless have some disadvantages due to their processing and associated overlapping. The bearing capacity of adhesively bonded joints is considerably affected by the manufacturing process, application environment, geometric dimensions, and the gap between adhesive layers. In particular, for bonded composite structures used in extreme environments such as high temperature and high humidity, joint strength presents an obvious dispersion. The strength of the adhesive changes with the temperature, resulting in changes in the bearing capacity of the joint. Although an adhesive layer has a strong shear capacity, its peeling resistance is poor. A reasonable structure should be designed based on the direction of the maximum load so that the joint can transfer the load as much as possible in the form of shearing. For example, in an adhesively bonded single-lap structure, the peeling stress at both ends of the adhesive layer increases due to secondary bending [6], resulting in failure of the adhesive layer. To reduce the torque generated by an eccentric load, the thin plate is usually selected as the adherend of an adhesively bonded single-lap structure. However, for materials with high brittleness such as C/C composite materials and C/SiC materials, the composite material undergoes brittle fracture if the adhesive strength is large when a thin plate is used for the single-lap joint. Therefore, in practical applications, a scarf joint [7] is used, or alternately the single-lap structure of bri...