A study on the structural, optical, magnetization reversal and bipolar magnetic switching behavior of SmCr0.85Mn0.15O3 nanoparticles

Structural, Optical, Magnetic, and Magnetocaloric Properties of Sn2Mn2O7 Pyrochlore

“…Furthermore, the core-level XPS spectrum of Mn 2p, as shown in Figure 2c, exhibits two separate peaks at 641 and 653.35 eV, corresponding to the Mn 3þ ion's 2p 3/2 and 2p 1/2 states, respectively. [24] Thus, it is confirmed that the Sn and Mn exist in þ4 and þ3 valence states, respectively, in the present SMO compound. On the contrary, Mn exists in þ 4 valence sate in Fe 2 Mn 2 O 7 and Al 2 Mn 2 O 7 compounds.…”

“…Equation () is used to find out the kind of optical transition, where and represent the direct transition and indirect transition, respectively. [ 24 ] When the graphs of …”

“…Equation ( 1) is used to find out the kind of optical transition, where p ¼ 1=2 and p ¼ 2 represent the direct transition and indirect transition, respectively. [24] When the graphs of F R ð Þhν ð Þ 2 versus energy (direct transition) and F R ð Þhν ð Þ 1 2 versus energy (indirect transition) are plotted, it is noticed that the latter does not fit well to a straight line; hence, it can be assumed that the sample follows a direct transition. From this, the value of Table 1.…”