Nanoskins were fabricated on a Ti-6Al-4V material by carrying out various surface treatments, i.e., deep rolling, laser shot peening, and ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM). These surface treatments are newly developed techniques and are becoming more popular for industrial applications. Fatigue tests were carried out using material test system (MTS); these tests included the axial loading tension-compression fatigue test (R = −1, RT, 5 Hz, sinusoidal wave) and rotating bending fatigue test (R = −1, RT, 3200 rpm). The analysis of the crack initiation pattern in the UNSM-treated material indicated that the crack was interior originating in the axial loading tension-compression cycle, and was surface originating in the bending fatigue test. UNSM treatment significantly improved the fatigue strength for the regime of above 10 6 cycles that S-N curve of rotating bending stress clearly show the performance of a 5 mm titanium specimen after UNSM treatment is similar to that of an untreated 6 mm titanium specimen.