A Study on the Vulnerability Cascade Propagation of Integrated Energy Systems in the Transportation Industry Based on the Petri Network

Yin, Xiaohong; Li, Lin; Liu, Qiang

doi:10.3390/en15124320

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Formal method is a verification method based on mathematics and logic, which is used to formally describe the behavior and properties of the system, and reason and analyze it [10][11][12]. Formal methods are often widely used in biology [13,14], hardware [15], software [16], industry [17][18][19] and other fields. In intelligent networked vehicle systems, formal methods can be used to establish precise mathematical models to describe the states, events, and transition rules of the system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A refinement and abstraction method of the SPZN formal model for intelligent networked vehicles systems

2024

KSII TIIS

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Security and reliability are the utmost importance facts in intelligent networked vehicles. Stochastic Petri Net and Z (SPZN) as an excellent formal verification tool for modeling concurrent systems, can effectively handles concurrent operations within a system, establishes relationships among components, and conducts verification and reasoning to ensure the system's safety and reliability in practical applications. However, the application of a system with numerous nodes to Petri Net often leads to the issue of state explosion. To tackle these challenges, a refinement and abstraction method based on SPZN is proposed in this paper. This approach can not only refine and abstract the Stochastic Petri Net but also establish a corresponding relationship with the Z language. In determining the implementation rate of transitions in Stochastic Petri Net, we employ the interval average and weighted average method, which significantly reduces the time and space complexity compared to alternative techniques and is suitable for expert systems at various levels. This reduction facilitates subsequent comprehensive system analysis and module analysis. Furthermore, by analyzing the properties of Markov Chain isomorphism in the case study, recommendations for minimizing system risks in the application of intelligent parking within the intelligent networked vehicle system can be put forward.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A refinement and abstraction method of the SPZN formal model for intelligent networked vehicles systems

2024

KSII TIIS

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Reliability Evaluation of Smart Substation Based on Time-Varying Probabilistic Hybrid Attack Graph

Wen

Dai

et al. 2022

Energies

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A substation is the portion of a power grid that forms a link between the cyber system and the physical system. Reliability evaluation of smart substations based on a time-varying probabilistic hybrid attack graph (TVPHAG) is studied in this paper. First, the topology network of the smart substation is established, whose attributes are represented by probability. Then, in order to solve the problem of asynchrony in the cyber-physical system and the hybrid caused by heterogeneity, time-varying state equation in topology and cuts in algebra are introduced to TVPHAG. Based on TVPHAG, the evaluation of the reliability of cyber-physical systems with multiple equipment and multiple timescales is established. On this basis, the influences of physical conditions, cyberattacks, physical attacks, and cyber-physical attacks on substations are analyzed, respectively. Finally, the simulation shows that the method is effective in evaluating the reliability of smart substations, providing a new method for the evaluation of reliability.

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A Study on the Vulnerability Cascade Propagation of Integrated Energy Systems in the Transportation Industry Based on the Petri Network

Cited by 2 publications

References 18 publications

A refinement and abstraction method of the SPZN formal model for intelligent networked vehicles systems

A refinement and abstraction method of the SPZN formal model for intelligent networked vehicles systems

Reliability Evaluation of Smart Substation Based on Time-Varying Probabilistic Hybrid Attack Graph

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