A study profile of deaths due to carbamate poisoning and its management in Hyderabad region

Abstract

Introduction: Poisoning with various substances is an important cause of death and disability worldwide. The types of poisons that are encountered in the emergency medicine departments encompass a wide range of substances. Apparently, geographic location, sociodemographic factors, ease of availability of poisons and many other cryptic factors contribute to the wide spectrum of substances that cause poisoning. Pesticides, drugs and chemicals are reported to be the most commonly used poisons in India. Management of poisoning is quite challenging for the health care professionals globally. Factors such as the uncertainty in the identification of allegedly consumed poison, varied clinical features and the need for timely access to specific information for treatment, complicates poisoning management. Aim: This study was therefore conducted to explore the clinical features, management and outcomes of poisoning cases reporting to a tertiary care centre in Hyderabad. Methods & Results: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the pattern of poisoning deaths in Hyderabad region of Telangana. The Paper presents the study of 271 cases of poisoning during the span of three years from 01/04/2016 to 31/03/2018. Out of 1841 Post mortem examination done during the study period 271 cases were of poisoning. Among the poison cases carbamate insecticide accounted for 21 cases (7.74%). The cases were then analyzed on various parameters in the pro forma prepared for this purpose. We concluded that majority of victims were married, different religions males from rural area and low socioeconomic group. The incidence of poisoning was more common during 21-30years of life. Suicidal cases were more common than accidental cases. Few case of homicidal poisoning was detected in present study, chemical analysis of viscera done in cases. Conclusion: Carbamate poisoning was the most common type of poisoning. Several chemicals like Lannate, Baygon, Temik, Sevian and Isolanwere used with suicidal intention. There were no casualties. Timely management of poisoning according to evidence based guidelines potentially minimises morbidity and mortality due to poisons and helps improve patient outcomes.

Types and Toxicity Levels of Pesticides: A Study of an Agricultural Area in Brebes Regency

“…There are three types of carbamate pesticides based on the target organism: insecticides with R1 being a methyl group, herbicides with R1 being aromatic compounds, and fungicides with R1 being a benzimidazole group (41). Carbamate could cause health problems such as unconsciousness, vomiting, convulsions, cyanosis (57), and cholinesterase inhibition. In addition, pesticides in this group disrupt endocrine function, impair child development and IQ (58), decrease lung function ( 59), and cause central nervous system tumor (60).…”