A Study Toward Analyzing the Energy, Exergy and Sustainability Index Based on Performance and Exhaust Emission Characteristics of a Spark-Ignition Engine Fuelled with the Binary Blends of Gasoline and Methanol or Ethanol

Abstract

The anxieties regarding global warming upon increasing greenhouse gas emission grades worldwide and the presence of petroleumbased fuels have directed the researchers to focus on the development of biofuels as well as the utilization of reformulated gasoline fuels by adding oxygenated additives resulting in an extensive application to improve fuel properties. In this study, engine performance and exhaust emission tests were performed using pure gasoline and volumetrically 10% ethanol-C2 or methanol-C1/gasoline blends (G100, E10, and M10). The engine experiments for all test fuels were carried out in a single-cylinder, fourstroke, water-cooled, spark-ignition (SI) engine under fixed engine speed (1500 rpm) and various loading conditions (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%). In the tested engine, the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) values of G100, M10, and E10 fuels under full load condition were found to be as 0.279 kg/kWh, 0.296 kg/kWh and 0.307 kg/kWh, respectively. When the exhaust emissions were examined, E10 and M10 fuels were observed to have lesser CO, CO2, NOX, and HC emissions in comparison with pure gasoline. The lowest CO emission was determined as 3.15% for E10 fuel at a 75% load. NOX emissions descended with the increase of engine load in all fuel blends meanwhile the best performance is measured as 908.86 ppm in E10 fuel at 100% load. The minimum HC emission for E10 fuel was measured as 116.36 ppm at a 75% load. Compared with G100 fuel, E10 and M10 blends emitted 39% and 35% fewer HC emissions, respectively at 75% load. Besides, E10 and M10 fuels generated 8% and 5% less CO2 emissions at all engine loads, respectively, when compared to G100 fuel. As a result of thermodynamic analyses; The highest exergy efficiency values were found to be at 21.0% for G100, 17.92% for E10, and 16.85% for M10, respectively. Besides, the energy efficiencies were obtained to be as 30.01% for G100, 28.33% for E10, and 29.90% for M10, respectively. According to the sustainability analysis, E10 fuel performed better results than M10 fuel in order to be an alternative to G100 fuel.

Investigation of the Effects of Alcohol-Based Fuel Additive on Engine Performance and Exhaust Emissions in a Spark-Ignition Gasoline Engine

“…The fact that the amount of oxygen in fusel oil and methanol is higher than gasoline fuel affects combustion and it can be said that this situation causes an increase in CO2. Similar studies in the literature also refer to the high oxygen content of alcoholic fuels as the main reason for the increase in CO2 [18][19][20][21][22][26][27][28][29][30]. Fig.…”

“…This increase was found to be 9.79% in F20 fuel and 4.23% in M20 fuel on average. Heating value differences of fuels affect BSFC results [26,28]. Although the heating value of fusel oil is higher than that of methanol, the BSFC value of F20 fuel was higher than that of M20 fuel.…”

Thermodynamic analyzes in a compression ignition engine using fuel oil diesel fuel blends

“…These losses are mainly the heat released into the environment from the exhaust, the cooling system and the engine body. In addition, there is friction, mechanical and other losses in the engine [22]. In the study, fuel energy, power and losses are determined and given in tab.…”

“…3) The parameter that shows how much of the fuel energy is converted into engine power is the thermal efficiency, η, [22,23]:…”

Energy, exergy, sustainability and economic analysis of waste tire pyrolysis oil blends with different nanoparticle additives in spark ignition engine

“…The goal of sustainability is to meet current demands while also considering future concerns [30]. Dogan et al [31] determine the exergy efficiency-based sustainability index. Alternative to pure petrol, the blend of 10% ethanol-90% petrol and 10% methanol-90% petrol are also used.…”