A sub-wavelength Si LED integrated in a CMOS platform

Li, Zheng; Xue, Jin; de, Marc; Kim, Jaehwan; Nong, Hao; Chong, D.Y.R.; Lim, Kenneth Yang Teck; Quek, Elgin; Ram, Rajeev J.

doi:10.1038/s41467-023-36639-1

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Silicon's indirect bandgap prevents direct electron-hole recombination at the band edge, but a number of other mechanisms nevertheless allow for optical emission by injected carriers, albeit at lower quantum efficiency. For forwardbias, injected carriers in the depletion region can recombine with the aid of phonons (Supplementary Information, 7 Forward-Bias Emission) to produce emission that peaks near the bandedge 1,7,10,15,16 (1.1 eV). In a waveguide, this emission is then filtered by absorption in the silicon between the emission region and the collection fiber.…”

Section: Emission Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broadband near-infrared emission in silicon waveguides

Pruessner,

Tyndall,

Khurgin

et al. 2024

Nat Commun

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Silicon photonic integrated circuit foundries enable wafer-level fabrication of entire electro-optic systems-on-a-chip for applications ranging from datacommunication to lidar to chemical sensing. However, silicon’s indirect bandgap has so far prevented its use as an on-chip optical source for these systems. Here, we describe a fullyintegrated broadband silicon waveguide light source fabricated in a state-of-the-art 300-mm foundry. A reverse-biased p-i-n diode in a silicon waveguide emits broadband near-infrared optical radiation directly into the waveguide mode, resulting in nanowatts of guided optical power from a few milliamps of electrical current. We develop a one-dimensional Planck radiation model for intraband emission from hot carriers to theoretically describe the emission. The brightness of this radiation is demonstrated by using it for broadband characterization of photonic components including Mach-Zehnder interferometers and lattice filters, and for waveguide infrared absorption spectroscopy of liquid-phase analytes. This broadband silicon-based source can be directly integrated with waveguides and photodetectors with no change to existing foundry processes and is expected to find immediate application in optical systems-on-a-chip for metrology, spectroscopy, and sensing.

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Section: Emission Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broadband near-infrared emission in silicon waveguides

Pruessner,

Tyndall,

Khurgin

et al. 2024

Nat Commun

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show abstract

“…The record for the smallest emission area of an LED is 0.14 μm 2 , produced by a subwavelength silicon LED, which is smaller than an individual human or bacterial cell (Figure 2). 105 However, control of single light-sensitive proteins or individual subcellular compartments is challenging, as the wavelength of visible light would be larger than the target and shorter UV wavelengths of light are damaging to biological materials.…”

Section: Overcoming Opacity For Optogenetic Interfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Information Transmission through Biotic–Abiotic Interfaces to Restore or Enhance Human Function

Kelly,

Glover

2024

ACS Appl. Bio Mater.

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Advancements in reliable information transfer across biotic− abiotic interfaces have enabled the restoration of lost human function. For example, communication between neuronal cells and electrical devices restores the ability to walk to a tetraplegic patient and vision to patients blinded by retinal disease. These impactful medical achievements are aided by tailored biotic− abiotic interfaces that maximize information transfer fidelity by considering the physical properties of the underlying biological and synthetic components. This Review develops a modular framework to define and describe the engineering of biotic and abiotic components as well as the design of interfaces to facilitate biotic−abiotic information transfer using light or electricity. Delineating the properties of the biotic, interface, and abiotic components that enable communication can serve as a guide for future research in this highly interdisciplinary field. Application of synthetic biology to engineer light-sensitive proteins has facilitated the control of neural signaling and the restoration of rudimentary vision after retinal blindness. Electrophysiological methodologies that use brain− computer interfaces and stimulating implants to bypass spinal column injuries have led to the rehabilitation of limb movement and walking ability. Cellular interfacing methodologies and on-chip learning capability have been made possible by organic transistors that mimic the information processing capacity of neurons. The collaboration of molecular biologists, material scientists, and electrical engineers in the emerging field of biotic−abiotic interfacing will lead to the development of prosthetics capable of responding to thought and experiencing touch sensation via direct integration into the human nervous system. Further interdisciplinary research will improve electrical and optical interfacing technologies for the restoration of vision, offering greater visual acuity and potentially color vision in the near future.

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“…With its integrability with complementary metal oxide semiconductor fabrication, photonic integrated circuits play a crucial role in communication technology [ 1 , 2 ]. Despite substantial advances in high-efficiency and low-cost integrated photonic devices, such as photodetectors [ 3 ], sensors [ 4 , 5 ], modulators [ 6 ], and light emitters [ 7 ], large lattice mismatch and manufacturing complexity are still limiting factors for all integrated solutions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black Phosphorus for Photonic Integrated Circuits

Zhang¹,

Yang²,

Wu³

et al. 2023

Research

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Black phosphorus gives several advantages and complementarities over other two-dimensional materials. It has drawn extensive interest owing to its relatively high carrier mobility, wide tunable bandgap, and in-plane anisotropy in recent years. This manuscript briefly reviews the structure and physical properties of black phosphorus and targets on black phosphorus for photonic integrated circuits. Some of the applications are discussed including photodetection, optical modulation, light emission, and polarization conversion. Corresponding recent progresses, associated challenges, and future potentials are covered.

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A sub-wavelength Si LED integrated in a CMOS platform

Cited by 11 publications

References 49 publications

Broadband near-infrared emission in silicon waveguides

Broadband near-infrared emission in silicon waveguides

Information Transmission through Biotic–Abiotic Interfaces to Restore or Enhance Human Function

Black Phosphorus for Photonic Integrated Circuits

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