A sudden stratospheric warming compendium

Butler, Amy H.; Sjoberg, Jeremiah P.; Seidel, Dian J.; Rosenlof, Karen H.

doi:10.5194/essd-9-63-2017

Cited by 328 publications

(368 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The resultant onset dates of the MSSWs identified for STDD and CONV are shown in Table 1. The onset dates for STDD are identical to those in Butler et al (2017) as far as the DJF MSSWs are concerned.…”

Section: Identification Of Mssw Onset Datessupporting

confidence: 50%

Comparison of large-scale dynamical variability in the extratropical stratosphere among the JRA-55 family data sets: impacts of assimilation of observational data in JRA-55 reanalysis data

Taguchi

2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. This study compares large-scale dynamical variability in the extratropical stratosphere, such as major stratospheric sudden warmings (MSSWs), among the Japanese 55-year Reanalysis (JRA-55) family data sets. The JRA-55 family consists of three products: a standard product (STDD) of the JRA-55 reanalysis data and two sub-products of JRA-55C (CONV) and JRA-55AMIP (AMIP). CONV assimilates only conventional surface and upper-air observations without assimilation of satellite observations, whereas AMIP runs the same numerical weather prediction model without assimilation of observational data. A comparison of the occurrence of MSSWs in Northern Hemisphere (NH) winter shows that, compared to STDD, CONV delays several MSSWs by 1 to 4 days and also misses a few MSSWs. CONV also misses the Southern Hemisphere (SH) MSSW in September 2002. AMIP shows significantly fewer MSSWs in Northern Hemisphere winter and especially lacks MSSWs of the high aspect ratio of the polar vortex in which the vortex is highly stretched or split. A further examination of daily geopotential height differences between STDD and CONV reveals occasional peaks in both hemispheres that are separated from MSSWs. The delayed and missed MSSW cases have smaller height differences in magnitude than such peaks. The height differences for those MSSWs include large contributions from the zonal component, which reflects underestimations in the weakening of the zonal mean polar night jet in CONV. We also explore strong planetary wave forcings and associated polar vortex weakenings for STDD and AMIP. We find a lower frequency of strong wave forcings and weaker vortex responses to such wave forcings in AMIP, consistent with the lower MSSW frequency.

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Section: Identification Of Mssw Onset Datessupporting

confidence: 50%

Comparison of large-scale dynamical variability in the extratropical stratosphere among the JRA-55 family data sets: impacts of assimilation of observational data in JRA-55 reanalysis data

Taguchi

2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…Each simulation runs for 40 years after a 1 year spin-up. We focus on December-February (DJF), when the coupling between the troposphere and stratosphere is strongest (Kidston et al, 2015) and the majority of SSWs occur (Butler et al, 2017;Charlton & Polvani, 2007). The orography flattening is Gaussian weighted at the edges to avoid creating sharp horizontal gradients in orography.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orography and the Boreal Winter Stratosphere: The Importance of the Mongolian Mountains

White

Battisti

Sheshadri

2018

Geophysical Research Letters

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The impact of mountains on stratospheric circulation is explored using the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model. The “Mongolian mountains” decrease the boreal winter stratospheric jet strength by ∼1/3 and increase the frequency of major sudden stratospheric warmings from 0.08 year−1 to the observed 0.60 year−1. These changes are twice the magnitude of the impacts of the Tibetan plateau and Himalayas. Consistent with the decrease in the zonal jet, there is enhanced Eliassen‐Palm flux convergence; this is predominantly from changes in wave propagation pathways through changes to the upper troposphere circulation, not from an increased amplitude of planetary waves reaching the stratosphere. The Mongolian mountains have the greater impact on upper tropospheric circulation due to their meridional location. The Rocky Mountains have no significant impact on the stratospheric jet. Changes in wave propagation in response to the Mongolian mountains are similar to those associated with major sudden stratospheric warming events in observations.

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“…Overall, about two thirds of SSW events are followed by a persistent negative NAO response (e.g., Charlton-Perez et al, 2018;Domeisen, 2019;Karpechko et al, 2017). Surface impacts of these events include cold spells over northern Eurasia (e.g., Kolstad et al, 2010;Lehtonen & Karpechko, 2016;Thompson & Wallace, 2001) and increased precipitation over the Mediterranean (Ayarzagüena et al, 2018;Butler et al, 2017). However, not all events exhibit the same surface response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pacific Modulation of the North Atlantic Storm Track Response to Sudden Stratospheric Warming Events

Afargan‐Gerstman

Domeisen

2020

Geophysical Research Letters

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Sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events have been suggested to be followed by a surface impact, though this response varies between events. Using reanalysis data, we identify two types of tropospheric responses to SSWs: Two thirds of the SSW events are dominated by a zonally symmetric tropospheric response with an equatorward shift of the jet in the Atlantic, consistent with the canonical SSW response in the form of a negative signature of the North Atlantic Oscillation. For the remaining third of SSW events, a zonally asymmetric response is found, associated with a poleward shift of the jet in the Atlantic. The Pacific is found to contribute to the sign of the North Atlantic response, as synoptic wave propagation from the Eastern Pacific links the Pacific and Atlantic storm tracks for both equatorward and poleward jet responses.

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A sudden stratospheric warming compendium

Cited by 328 publications

References 49 publications

Comparison of large-scale dynamical variability in the extratropical stratosphere among the JRA-55 family data sets: impacts of assimilation of observational data in JRA-55 reanalysis data

Comparison of large-scale dynamical variability in the extratropical stratosphere among the JRA-55 family data sets: impacts of assimilation of observational data in JRA-55 reanalysis data

Orography and the Boreal Winter Stratosphere: The Importance of the Mongolian Mountains

Pacific Modulation of the North Atlantic Storm Track Response to Sudden Stratospheric Warming Events

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