A Suggested Use of the Tex System in Fabric Measurements

Cusick, G. E.; Hearle, J. W. S.; Stevenson, Paul J.; Bayes, A. W.

doi:10.1080/19447016208688827

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It t is a general form of equation, which can be solved to give the force--deformation equations for a fabric, if the energy values Ej for the elements of the fabric, can' be expressed as functions of the deformations Si of the specimen. 3 Equation 11 can be applied to any set of forces acting on any sort of specimen of any fabric deforming elastically. However, for many problems, 2 If vector notation is used, it is not necessary to make this reservation.…”

Section: General Analysis By the Energy Methods Differential Equation mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, for many problems, 2 If vector notation is used, it is not necessary to make this reservation. Equation 8 can then be written work done on fabric = P i .d S i (8a) 3 For example, the application of Equation 11 to the simple problem solved in the previous section would go as follows.…”

Section: General Analysis By the Energy Methods Differential Equation mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This arises because, in using Equation 8 [3]. 5 It is tacitly assumed here that the change in strain d∈j is in the same direction as the stress f ( ∈ j ) on the element.…”

Section: General Analysis By the Energy Methods Differential Equation mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Nonwoven Fabric Studies

Hearle

Newton

1967

Textile Research Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionTheoretical analysis of the mechanics of a material structure may be based either on a consideration of the forces involved-resolving and compounding them and using the laws of equilibrium-or on a consideration of the energy relations.For instance, in studies of the mechanics of twisted yarns, the former approach has been extensively adopted [4,5,7,11,12] and has led to many useful , results. However, Treloar and Riding [13] have ' shown that some of these results can be obtained more easily by the energy method. In general, the analysis of forces has yielded more detailed information, especially on internal forces in the structure; but the energy method is simpler and, so, can be applied to more complicated problems. '' The mechanics of nonwoven fabrics, composed of fibers more or less randomly bonded together in sheets, has been analyzed in terms of the forces in elements of fibers between bonded points by Backer and Petterson [1] and Hearle and Stevenson [6} IThis has led to a satisfactory prediction of some of the mechanical properties of these fabrics. The -present paper derives equivalent relations by the energy method. The greater simplicity of the energy method leads, naturally, to a more rigorous .approach to the analysis, and a number of unnecessary assumptions and approximations are removed. The general equations which are derived can be applied to problems which would be difbcult to solve by the analysis of forces, thus, enabling many important practical features of the behavior of nonwoven fabrics to be explored and understood. Extension of the theory would lead to its use as a method of designing and developing new fabrics ' with particular properties.The brevity of the energy method will first be demonstrated in its application to the simplest treatment of the mechanics of a bonded fiber fabric, without any deep consideration of the assumptions made; then the full general analysis will be given and applied to special cases; finally, the wider implications of the method will be discussed. ' .Simple Treatment by the Energy Method We shall consider a fabric specimen deformed uniformly to a strain EL without transverse contraction, as illustrated in Figure 1 (a). The fabric is assumed to be made up of fiber elements of length I distributed at angles of orientation 0 deforming as in Figure 1 (b) so that their length parallel to the fabric length increases by the strain EL. If a is the projected fiber length parallel to the length of the fabric and b is the length at right angles, then Pythagoras' theorem gives .. p = az + b2 , .( 1 ) As b is constant during the deformation ' w If the fibers follow Hooke's law, then the elastic energy per unit mass' in a fiber is given by where Yf is the fiber modulus. , ' As 9 has a distribution of values, the average elastic energy per unit mass in the fabric specimen will be given by ~ _ where cos' 0 is the mean value of COS4 0. 1 Using moduli based on specific stresses. If the moduli are based on the conventional definition of stress, the energies will...

show abstract

Section: General Analysis By the Energy Methods Differential Equation mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: General Analysis By the Energy Methods Differential Equation mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Nonwoven Fabric Studies

Hearle

Newton

1967

Textile Research Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Further, the conventional stress is normally described in terms of strain energy per unit volume, whereas the specific stress takes advantage of a more fundamental quantity represented as strain energy per unit mass. 3 For sheet-like materials and fabrics, 4 the specific stress determined via uniaxial tensile measurements can be expressed by isolating the thickness, as shown below. Linear density is not only straightforward to quantify, but it easily overcomes the measurement of illdefined cross-sectional areas and voids.…”

Section: Amit Rawalmentioning

confidence: 99%

The usefulness of ‘hidden' units of specific stress

Rawal

2020

Textile Research Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…In 1962, Cusick et al. 4 began developing a new drapemeter which adopted the circular specimen and circular plates from the F.R.L. drapemeter.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated draping analysis of 3D printed flexible isogrid structures for textile applications

Kalman

Fayazbakhsh

Martin

2021

Textile Research Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing can be used for manufacturing flexible isogrid structures. This work presents a novel draping analysis of flexible 3D printed isogrids from thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) using image processing. A small-scale multi-camera automated draping apparatus (ADA) is designed and used to characterize draping behavior of 3D printed isogrid structures based on draping coefficient (DC) and mode. Circular specimens are designed and 3D printed that accommodate up to eight additional weights on their perimeters to enhance draping. Five infill patterns, three infill percentages, and three loading cases are explored to evaluate their impact on specimens’ draping coefficient and mode, resulting in 45 tests. The range of DCs in this study is 21.9% to 91.5%, and a large range of draping modes is observed. For the lowest infill percentage, specimen mass is not the sole contributor to the DC values and the infill pattern has a significant impact for the three loading cases. Considering draping modes, the maximum number of convex and concave nodes observed for 25% infill specimens with added weights is three. The draping behavior characterization developed in this study can be followed to design and 3D print new flexible isogrids with textile applications.

show abstract

A Suggested Use of the Tex System in Fabric Measurements

Cited by 6 publications

References 1 publication

Nonwoven Fabric Studies

Nonwoven Fabric Studies

The usefulness of ‘hidden' units of specific stress

Automated draping analysis of 3D printed flexible isogrid structures for textile applications

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About