A sulfur–polyacrylonitrile/graphene composite cathode for lithium batteries with excellent cyclability

Three-dimensionally ordered macro-/mesoporous carbon loading sulfur as high-performance cathodes for lithium/sulfur batteries

“…However, they have not been widely employed in practical applications due to their several drawbacks, including the insulating nature of sulfur (5×10 -30 S cm -1 at 25 °C) and the shuttle loss of lithium polysulfides (Li 2 S x , 4≤X≤8) during the cycling process [4]. The problems mentioned above could be addressed by encapsulating sulfur into a conductive matrix to promote electrical conductivity of the sulfur composite and offer a physical confinement of the polysulfides [5][6][7][8][9][10].…”

A simple approach to synthesize novel sulfur/graphene oxide/multiwalled carbon nanotube composite cathode for high performance lithium/sulfur batteries

“…To overcome these critical issues, there have been tremendous efforts to find a host material, which would improve the electrical conductivity of the sulfur cathode and trap the soluble polysulfide intermediates [5][6][7][8][9]. For example, micro-/mesoporous carbon, carbon nanotubes, or graphene are considered as very promising conductive frameworks to composite with sulfur to form a desired structure for superior performance [10][11][12][13].…”

High performance sulfur/nitrogen-doped graphene cathode for lithium/sulfur batteries

“…Additionally, the solubility of polysulfide intermediates, in liquid electrolytes causes rapid capacity decay upon repeated cycling, restricting the practical application of the Li/S battery [3][4][5]. To address the abovementioned challenges, various carbonaceous and conductive polymer materials have been used to composite sulfur, in an attempt to overcome its insulating property and reduce the dissolution of lithium polysulfides [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20].…”