A Summary of Adapiform Systematics and Phylogeny

Guillaume, Marc

doi:10.1159/000052715

Cited by 123 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Following the same logic of random walk-like phenotypic evolution, the inner ear morphology of Adapinae appears to be close to that inferred for basal Lemuriformes. This supports the hypothesis that Adapiformes are strepsirrhines (Kay et al 1997;Yoder, 1997;Godinot, 1998;Rasmussen & Nekaris, 1998;Marivaux et al 2001;Seiffert et al 2003Seiffert et al , 2009Seiffert, 2005). Furthermore, the absence of similari- ties between the bony labyrinths of Adapinae and anthropoids argues against the recently resurrected hypothesis that Adapiformes are linked with haplorhines, and in particular with anthropoids (Franzen et al 2009; see also Gingerich, 1973;Rasmussen, 1990;Simons & Rasmussen, 1989).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…Furthermore, adaptive radiation within each major strepsirrhine group led to a wide spectrum of locomotor specializations (Martin, 1972;Rasmussen & Nekaris, 1998) such that extant strepsirrhine diversity represents an ideal testbed to assess functional vs. phylogenetic factors influencing the morphology of the bony labyrinth. Within fossil primates, the Adapiformes most likely represent the sister group of the strepsirrhines (Kay et al 1997;Yoder, 1997;Godinot, 1998;Rasmussen & Nekaris, 1998;Marivaux et al 2001;Seiffert et al 2003Seiffert et al , 2009Seiffert, 2005), and the morphology of their inner ear may thus be a good model of the ancestral morphology of the strepsirrhine inner ear. Also, the Adapinae bear evidence of a wide range of locomotor behaviours (Bacon & Godinot, 1998; but see also Dagosto, 1983and Gebo, 1983 such that investigation of their labyrinthine morphology can provide additional evidence on how function affects variation in this structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deep evolutionary roots of strepsirrhine primate labyrinthine morphology

et al. 2010

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The cavity system of the inner ear of mammals is a complex three-dimensional structure that houses the organs of equilibrium and hearing. Morphological variation of the inner ear across mammals reflects differences in locomotor behaviour and hearing performance, and the good preservation of this structure in many fossil specimens permits analogous inferences. However, it is less well known to what extent the morphology of the bony labyrinth conveys information about the evolutionary history of primate taxa. We studied this question in strepsirrhine primates with the aim to assess the potential and limitations of using the inner ear as a phylogenetic marker. Geometric morphometric analysis showed that the labyrinthine morphology of extant strepsirrhines contains a mixed locomotor, allometric and phylogenetic signal. Discriminant analysis at the family level confirmed that labyrinthine shape is a good taxonomic marker. Our results support the hypothesis that evolutionary change in labyrinthine morphology is adequately described with a random walk model, i.e. random phenotypic dispersal in morphospace. Under this hypothesis, average shapes calculated for each node of the phylogenetic tree give an estimate of inner ear shapes of the respective last common ancestors (LCAs), and this information can be used to infer character state polarity. The labyrinthine morphology of the fossil Adapinae is close to the inferred basal morphology of the strepsirrhines. The inner ear of Daubentonia, one of the most derived extant strepsirrhines, is autapomorphic in many respects, but also presents unique similarities with adapine labyrinths.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep evolutionary roots of strepsirrhine primate labyrinthine morphology

et al. 2010

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“…These "new primates" are typically referable to either the Omomyiformes or Adapiformes, the two principal Eocene radiations of primates. They are often assumed to be part of the crown clade (Wible and Covert, 1987): the former is assigned to haplorhines, whereas the latter is frequently aligned with extant strepsirrhines (Szalay and Delson, 1979;Beard et al, 1988;Dagosto, 1990;Kay et al, 1997Kay et al, , 2004Godinot, 1998;Seiffert et al, 2009). However, debate continues about the validity of the adapiformstrepsirrhine relationship (Franzen et al, 2009;Seiffert et al, 2009;Boyer et al, 2010b;Gingerich et al, 2010;Williams et al, 2010;Gingerich, 2012;Maiolino et al, 2012), as some researchers have suggested anthropoid or haplorhine affinities for adapiforms.…”

Section: Fossil Taxa Reviewed: Systematic Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The adapiform infraorder is typically divided into three primary families (Godinot, 1998;Gebo, 2002): the early to middle Eocene Notharctidae, the middle Eocene Adapidae, and the Asiatic, Eocene-Miocene family Sivaladapidae. Notharctidae is conventionally split into two subfamilies: the predominantly North American Notharctinae and the predominantly European Cercamoniinae (Gebo, 2002;Gunnell and Silcox, 2010).…”

Section: Early Euprimates (Adapiformes and Omomyiformes)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hands of early primates

Boyer

Yapuncich

Chester

et al. 2013

American J Phys Anthropol

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Questions surrounding the origin and early evolution of primates continue to be the subject of debate. Though anatomy of the skull and inferred dietary shifts are often the focus, detailed studies of postcrania and inferred locomotor capabilities can also provide crucial data that advance understanding of transitions in early primate evolution. In particular, the hand skeleton includes characteristics thought to reflect foraging, locomotion, and posture. Here we review what is known about the early evolution of primate hands from a comparative perspective that incorporates data from the fossil record. Additionally, we provide new comparative data and documentation of skeletal morphology for Paleogene plesiadapiforms, notharctines, cercamoniines, adapines, and omomyiforms. Finally, we discuss implications of these data for understanding locomotor transitions during the origin and early evolutionary history of primates. Known plesiadapiform species cannot be differentiated from extant primates based on either intrinsic hand proportions or hand-to-body size proportions. Nonetheless, the presence of claws and a different carpometacarpal joint form in plesiadapiforms indicate different grasping mechanics. Notharctines and cercamoniines have intrinsic hand proportions with extremely elongated proximal phalanges and digit rays relative to metacarpals, resembling tarsiers and galagos. But their hand-to-body size proportions are typical of many extant primates (unlike those of tarsiers, and possibly Teilhardina, which have extremely large hands). Non-adapine adapiforms and omomyids exhibit additional carpal features suggesting more limited dorsiflexion, greater ulnar deviation, and a more habitually divergent pollex than observed plesiadapiforms. Together, features differentiating adapiforms and omomyiforms from plesiadapiforms indicate increased reliance on vertical prehensileclinging and grasp-leaping, possibly in combination with predatory behaviors in ancestral euprimates. Am J Phys Anthropol 57:33-78,

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“…Also, the teeth of Darwinius show derived similarities with those of Agerinia (Herbomel and Godinot 2011), and Agerinia and Pronycticebus have been considered as closely related (Godinot 1998;Szalay 1971). Hence Darwinius is probably quite closely related with Pronycticebus gaudryi, and the labyrinth of the latter is likely a good proxy for that of Darwinius masillae.…”

Section: Have Revived the Hypothesis Of A Special Link Between Adapifmentioning

confidence: 99%

The labyrinthine morphology of Pronycticebus gaudryi (Primates, Adapiformes)

Lebrun

Guillaume

Couette

et al. 2012

Palaeobio Palaeoenv

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The publication of a well preserved Eocene primate, Darwinius masillae (Cercamoniinae, Notharctidae), has revived the debate on the phylogenetic relationships of Adapiformes and extant primates (Franzen et al., PLos ONE 4(5):e5723, 2009). Recently, Lebrun et al. (J Anat 216:368-380, 2010) showed that the morphology of the bony labyrinth of strepsirrhine primates conveys a strong phylogenetic signal. The study of labyrinthine morphology may thus bring a new piece of evidence to resolve phylogenetic relationships within a group. The investigation of the labyrinthine morphology of another Cercamoniinae, Pronycticebus gaudryi, reveals no synapomorphy with the labyrinths of modern anthropoids. On the contrary, Pronycticebus is closer in labyrinthine shape to extant strepsirrhines, which supports the hypothesis that the Cercamoniinae and other Adapiformes are the sister group of toothcombed primates. AbstractThe publication of a well preserved Eocene primate, Darwinius masillae (Cercamoniinae, Notharctidae), has revived the debate on the phylogenetic relationships of Adapiformes and extant primates (Franzen et al. 2009).Recently, Lebrun et al. (2010) showed that the morphology of the bony labyrinth of strepsirrhine primates conveys a strong phylogenetic signal. The study of labyrinthine morphology may thus bring a new piece of evidence to resolve phylogenetic relationships within a group. The investigation of the labyrinthine morphology of another Cercamoniinae, Pronycticebus gaudryi, reveals no synapomorphy with the labyrinths of modern anthropoids. On the contrary, Pronycticebus is closer in labyrinthine shape to extant strepsirrhines, which supports the hypothesis that the Cercamoniinae and other Adapiformes are the sister group of toothcombed primates.

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A Summary of Adapiform Systematics and Phylogeny

Cited by 123 publications

References 69 publications

Deep evolutionary roots of strepsirrhine primate labyrinthine morphology

Deep evolutionary roots of strepsirrhine primate labyrinthine morphology

Hands of early primates

The labyrinthine morphology of Pronycticebus gaudryi (Primates, Adapiformes)

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