A summary of attentional findings in the New York high-risk project

Erlenmeyer‐Kimling, L.; Cornblatt, Barbara A.

doi:10.1016/0022-3956(92)90043-n

Cited by 100 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…However, apart from a single-path analytic study showing the temporal antecedence of attentional deficit to later anhedonia [102] , we are not in the possession of any such evidence. As Schultze-Lutter et al [103] have recently observed by commenting on early detection and intervention studies, the clinical phenotypes -mainly anomalous subjective experiences -are still the best predictors (better than neurocognitive findings) of impending psychosis.…”

Section: Discussion and Tentative Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Core of Schizophrenia: Estrangement, Dementia or Neurocognitive Disorder?

Urfer-Parnas¹,

Mortensen²,

Parnas³

2010

Psychopathology

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Background: The recent literature frequently represents schizophrenia as a deteriorating neurocognitive process similar to organic degenerative dementia. Methods: This study addresses the following questions: (1) Did the classic authors equate degenerative dementia with schizophrenia? (2) Is there empirical evidence pointing to a close similarity between schizophrenia and organic dementia? (3) Does empirical evidence support the view that intellectual impairment and/or more specific neuropsychological dysfunctions are core features of schizophrenia? The classic authors agreed that the intellectual dysfunctions were most likely a consequence rather than a primary, causal factor in the manifestation of schizophrenia despite their consensus on the assumption of its neurobiological origins. Rather, they considered impairments of intelligence and neurocognition as an expression of pseudodementia, i.e. a dementia-like clinical picture caused by a weakening of motivation. Results: The empirical data from the draft, high-risk birth cohort and clinical samples show a low IQ and a variety of neurocognitive dysfunctions in schizophrenia. These findings are far from universal since substantial proportions of patients do not show deficits. In addition, the empirical morphological and neuropathological evidence does not support any close analogy of schizophrenia with neurodegenerative dementia. Moreover, neurocognitive dysfunctions cannot be considered a core feature of schizophrenia if core is understood as ‘essential’, i.e. constitutive of a diagnosis, or as ‘generative’, i.e. symptom producing. In the phenomenological psychopathological tradition, schizophrenia is seen as a progressive condition marked by autism, which is a profound alteration in the structures (frameworks) of subjectivity (consciousness), manifest in self-relation (self-disorders) and in the relation to the world (lack of natural evidence) and to others (eccentricity, solipsism and isolation). Conclusion: It is suggested that the neurodevelopmental model should integrate interactions between emerging psychological structures and genetic and environmental factors.

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Section: Discussion and Tentative Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Core of Schizophrenia: Estrangement, Dementia or Neurocognitive Disorder?

Urfer-Parnas¹,

Mortensen²,

Parnas³

2010

Psychopathology

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“…These disorders have been observed in children with high genetic risk of schizophrenia and in the direct relatives of patients [2][3][4] . Moreover, attention seems to be the neurocognitive predictor of motor skill ability and social problem solving 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention in patients with chronic schizophrenia: Deficit in inhibitory control and positive symptoms

Galaverna

Morra

Bueno³

2012

Eur. J. Psychiat.

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-Background and Objectives: Attention is a central mechanism controlling information processing, activating and inhibiting processes, and forming a complex system including diferent networks in specific areas of the brain 1 . To correctly assess the role of attention in schizophrenia it is necessary to discriminate its different attentional components, which may by selectively altered. Attention span, focused attention, selective attention, sustained attention and inhibitory response, were assessed in patients with chronic schizophrenia and healthy matched controls.Methods: The study included 32 patients diagnosed with chronic schizophrenia and 32 healthy subjects. The groups were matched in age, sex, and level of education. Symptom severity (positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and general psychopathology) was assessed with the Scale for the Assessment of Positive and Negative Symptoms (SAPS and SANS). Attentional components were measured by Forward Digit Span, Symbol Search, Digit Symbol Coding, Stroop Test and Picture Completion.Results: Schizophrenic patients exhibited lower attentional scores in all tests compared to the control group. Inhibitory control and sustained attention were the most affected traits in schizophrenic patients. An inverse correlation was observed between inhibitory control and delusions and disorganized thinking. No significant correlations were observed between negative symptoms and attentional performance.Conclusions: The pattern of results obtained in this paper evidences the role of an inhibitory control deficit in patients with chronic schizophrenia that could also be involved in other attentional and cognitive failures, and also be connected to positive symptoms.

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“…Schizophrenic patients were included as an additional secondary comparison group, although they were studied while they were taking medication and were inpatients, while the personality disorder patients were studied while they were not taking medication and were outpatients. Studies have shown that neuroleptic medication does not affect scores on high processing load Continuous Performance Test, Identical Pairs Version (10,27), and acute hospitalized schizophrenic patients show impairment similar to that seen in remitted schizophrenic patients (8,9). Thus, there is little evidence that clinical (e.g., acute psychosis and neuroleptic use) and demographic characteristics account for the schizophrenic patients' poor performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Attentional impairments have been found in both actively psychotic schizophrenic patients and those in remission (7)(8)(9), as well as in first-degree relatives of schizophrenic individuals (10)(11)(12) and psychometrically defined schizotypic volunteers (13). These studies suggest that abnormal attention is centrally related to the biology of schizophrenia spectrum disorders and raise the possibility that attentional difficulties may provide a biobehavioral indicator of liability to schizophrenia (5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 82%

“…The Continuous Performance Test, Identical Pairs Version, has been used extensively to demonstrate the potential of impaired attention as a phenotypic marker of schizophrenia. Children at genetic risk for developing schizophrenia (10), as well as students with high perceptual aberration scores and therefore considered at psychometric risk for schizophrenia (13), have been found to perform deficiently on the Continuous Performance Test, Identical Pairs Version.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Attentional functioning in schizotypal personality disorder [published erratum appears in Am J Psychiatry 1997 Aug;154(8):1180]

Roitman

Cornblatt²,

Bergman³

et al. 1997

AJP

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I t has been suggested that the boundaries of schizophrenia extend beyond the core psychotic illness to include milder schizophrenia-related personality disorders and that the genetic and neurocognitive factors implicated in schizophrenia are expressed across the full range of schizophrenia-related illnesses. Furthermore, results from family studies suggest that schizotypal personality disorder, the prototype for the milder schizophrenia-spectrum personality disorders, may be a more common phenotypic expression of the schizophrenia-related genotype than chronic schizophrenia (1-4). Because of the genetic relationship between schizophrenia and schizotypal personality disorder, the study of the phenomenology, biology, and neurocognition of patients with schizotypal personality disorder provides an opportunity to investigate the pathophysiology of schizophrenia without the confounding factors (such as medication effects, hospitalization, and psychosis) often found in research with chronic schizophrenic patients.Although attention, as measured by the Continuous Performance Test, has been identified as a potential phenotypic indicator of schizophrenia (5, 6), attentional functioning in subjects with schizotypal personality disorder has not been extensively studied. Attentional impairments have been found in both actively psychotic schizophrenic patients and those in remission (7-9), as well as in first-degree relatives of schizophrenic individuals (10-12) and psychometrically defined schizotypic volunteers (13). These studies suggest that abnormal attention is centrally related to the biology of schizophrenia spectrum disorders and raise the possibility that attentional difficulties may provide a biobehavioral indicator of liability to schizophrenia (5).

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A summary of attentional findings in the New York high-risk project

Cited by 100 publications

References 46 publications

Core of Schizophrenia: Estrangement, Dementia or Neurocognitive Disorder?

Core of Schizophrenia: Estrangement, Dementia or Neurocognitive Disorder?

Attention in patients with chronic schizophrenia: Deficit in inhibitory control and positive symptoms

Attentional functioning in schizotypal personality disorder [published erratum appears in Am J Psychiatry 1997 Aug;154(8):1180]

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