A summary of available information on ferrocyanide tank wastes

Burger, L.L.; Strachan, Denis M.; Reynolds, D.A.; Schulz, W.W.

doi:10.2172/6126105

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…After allowing the radioactive precipitates to settle, the decontaminated solutions were pumped to disposal cribs, thereby providing additional tank storage volume. Later, some of the tanks were found to be leaking; pumpable liquids were removed from these tanks, leaving behind a wet solid (sludge) residue containing the ferrocyanide precipitates (Burger et al 1991). In implementing this process, approximately 140 metric tons of ferrocyanide, [calculated as Fe(CN);t-], were added to waste that was later routed to 18 large (750,000 to 1,OOO,000 gallon) underground SSTs.…”

Section: Demonstmtion Of Itirmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ferrocyanide Safety Program cyanide speciation studies. Final report

Bryan¹,

Pool²,

Bryan³

1995

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Section: Demonstmtion Of Itirmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ferrocyanide Safety Program cyanide speciation studies. Final report

Bryan¹,

Pool²,

Bryan³

1995

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“…Typical reactions involving acetates, tributyl phosphate ("BP), ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), and ferrocyanides as examples are NaCH3CO0 + 1.6 NaN03 = 1.3 Na2C03 + 0.7 CO, + 1.5 H20 + 0.8 N2 TE3P + 14.4 NaN03 = Na3P04 + 5.7 N3C03 + 6.3 C02 + 13.5 H20 + 7.2 N2 Na4EDTA + 8 NaN03 = 6 Na2C03 + 4 CO, + 6 H2O + 5 N2 Na2NiFe(CN), + 6 NaN03 = NiO + FeO + 4 N%C03 + 2 CO, + 6 N2 Na2NiFe(Cw6 + 10 NaNO, = NiO + FeO + 6 N3C03 + 8 N2 These reactions and others, and their modifications are discussed in more detail in this section. duction of oxides of nitrogen in place of nitrogen, or CO in place of CO, greatly lowers the energy release (Burger et al 1991). Table 3.1 gives data for sodium acetate, and 8 other organic compounds.…”

Section: Oxidation Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several steps are involved in the ferrocyanide oxidation (Burger et al 1991). The nature of these steps (Le., the reaction mechanism) is not known.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Calculation of reaction energies and adiabatic temperatures for waste tank reactions

Burger¹

1993

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SummaryContinual concern has been expressed over potentially hazardous exothermic reactions that might occur in Hanford Site underground waste storage tanks. These tanks contain many different oxidizable compounds covering a wide range of concentrations. Several compounds may be in concentrations and quantities great enough to be considered a hazard in that they could undergo rapid and energetic chemical reactions with nitrate and nitrite salts that are present it heated to the initiating or critical temperature. The chemical hazards are a function of several interrelated factors, including the amount of energy (heat) produced, how fast it is produced, and the thermal absorption and heat transfer properties of the system. The reaction path(s) will determine the amount of energy produced and kinetics will determine the rate that it is produced. The tanks also contain many inorganic compounds inert to oxidation. These compounds act as diluents and can inhibit exothermic reactions because of their heat capacity and thus, in contrast to the oxidizable compounds, provide mitigation of hazardous reactions.In this report the energy that may be released when various organic and inorganic compounds react is computed as a function of the reaction-mix composition and the temperature. The enthalpy, or integrated heat capacity, of these compounds and various reaction products is presented as a function of temperature; the enthalpy of a given mixture can then be equated to the energy release from various reactions to predict the maximum temperature which may be reached. This is estimated for several different compositions. Alternatively, the amounts of various diluents required to prevent the temperature from reaching a critical value can be estimated. Reactions W i g different paths, forming different products such as N20 in place of N2 are also considered, as are reactions where an excess of caustic is present. Oxidants other than nitrate and nitrite are considered briefly.The relative available energy per unit mass of the various oxidizable compounds, or "fuels," that may be present ranges from 1 to about 25. Stoichiometric mixes with oxidant, e.g., fuel plus the required amount of sodium nitrate (NaNO,) for a complete reaction, compared on a mass basis, also show large differences. This "energy density" covers a range of 1 to about 5.A consequence of different stoichiometries for different fuels is that an excess of sodium nitrate or nitrite for one reactant may be a deficiency for another. This is significant since excess nitrate or nitrite is an excellent heat sink, especially at elevated temperatures.The efficiency of various compounds as heat sinks, i.e., their enthalpies, vary greatly. In the wastes water is the most significant material at temperatures up to slightly above 100°C. From 100°C to about 300°C the greatest effect is probably from hydrated salts, with some contribution from concentrated caustic solutions. The loss of water from these materials requires a large energy input, some 50% to 100% greater than f...

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“…[18] Recently, nickel hexacyanoferrate (NiHCF) was used in the Areva device for decontamination of contaminated water from the nuclear plant accident in 2011.…”

Section: -Utilization and Application Of Nanoparticles As An Adsorbent-mentioning

confidence: 99%