A Summary of Existing and Future Potential Treatments for Reducing Underwater Sounds from Oil and Gas Industry Activities

Spence, Jesse H.

doi:10.1109/oceans.2007.4449420

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Reducing noise through propeller design seems most promising when coupled with other design considerations (e.g., improving wake flow upstream of the propeller). Air injection systems may allow ship noise to be effectively masked, thereby reducing noise levels by 10 dB or so (Spence et al 2007). There is some concern that air injection systems can reduce noise levels above 500 Hz, but actually increase levels of low-frequency noise (Spence et al 2007).…”

Section: B Ship-based Management I Changes In Shipping Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Air injection systems may allow ship noise to be effectively masked, thereby reducing noise levels by 10 dB or so (Spence et al 2007). There is some concern that air injection systems can reduce noise levels above 500 Hz, but actually increase levels of low-frequency noise (Spence et al 2007). Together, propeller modifications and air injection systems may be appropriate ways to mitigate noise inputs in SRKW critical habitat, given the poor hearing ability of killer whales at frequencies below 500 Hz (Hall & Johnson 1972;Szymanski et al 1999).…”

Section: B Ship-based Management I Changes In Shipping Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Approaches to reduce noise from ships operating in important killer whale habitats

Williams¹,

Veirs

et al. 2019

Marine Pollution Bulletin

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Shipping is key to global trade, but is also a dominant source of anthropogenic noise in the ocean. Chronic noise from ships can affect acoustic quality of important whale habitats. Noise from ships has been identified as one of three main stressors-in addition to contaminants, and lack of Chinook salmon prey-in the recovery of the endangered southern resident killer whale (SRKW) population. Managers recognize existing noise levels as a threat to the acoustical integrity of SRKW critical habitat. There is an urgent need to identify practical ways to reduce ocean noise given projected increases in shipping in the SRKW's summertime critical habitat in the Salish Sea. We reviewed the literature to provide a qualitative description of mitigation approaches. We use an existing ship source level dataset to quantify how some mitigation approaches could readily reduce noise levels by 3-10 dB.

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Section: B Ship-based Management I Changes In Shipping Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Ship-based Management I Changes In Shipping Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Approaches to reduce noise from ships operating in important killer whale habitats

Williams¹,

Veirs

et al. 2019

Marine Pollution Bulletin

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“…First, the acoustic output of a given pile may be different depending on how hard the substrate is into which the pile is being driven. Furthermore, it is well known that the sea floor itself can carry acoustical waves; these waves present a possible flanking path for sound [18]. Ultimately, even if a barrier could be designed to completely eliminate all sound that is radiated into the water, some amount of sound can still be transmitted past the barrier via a path through the sea floor.…”

Section: Design Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Design, Predictive Performance Modeling and Field Testing of Underwater Sound Attenuation Systems - A Review of Two Case Studies

Spence¹,

Dreyer²

2012

Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics

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This paper presents a review of two projects undertaken to design underwater acoustic barriers. While these barriers can be used to control noise from many sources the most immediate application would be to reduce noise from piles for bridge construction and repair and offshore wind turbine installations. The design considerations required during the development of underwater barriers are reviewed, including acoustical and structural design considerations, computer modeling of system performance, and realities of on-site deployment. Barrier performance data from the field or testing facility are also presented, along with observations from years of development and deployment in regards to "next steps" and suggested research paths for further investigation.

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“…The techniques for vibration isolation are well known and commonly employed in warships and submarines. A good summary of isolating techniques is found in Reference [2].…”

Section: Sound Mitigation Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding and Mitigation of Underwater Sound in the Arctic

Ward

2011

All Days

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Every human activity in the offshore Arctic, or anywhere offshore for that matter, emits some level of sound into the marine environment. Depending on intensity, and to some extent frequency, underwater sound can be a nuisance or even physically harmful to marine life.The indigenous people of the Arctic Coastal Plain in Alaska depend on subsistence hunting of marine mammals for food and as an intrinsic part of their culture. Many have expressed concern that underwater sound from oil and gas industry activities may alter the behavior of these animals and make subsistence hunts more difficult or even permanently deflect the animals away from traditional hunting grounds. Understanding underwater sound and developing effective mitigation measures is important for operating in the Arctic marine environment.This paper presents a brief discussion of underwater sound, regulations governing underwater sound from oil and gas exploration activities, practical implication of those regulations and outlines Shell"s research program aimed at understanding underwater sound emitted by drilling operations offshore Alaska. Also presented are the concepts being developed to mitigate that sound. Although the research has been directed specifically at Alaska it is broadly applicable to other Arctic regions.

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A Summary of Existing and Future Potential Treatments for Reducing Underwater Sounds from Oil and Gas Industry Activities

Abstract: This paper summarizes the efforts undertaken by

Cited by 13 publications

References 10 publications

Approaches to reduce noise from ships operating in important killer whale habitats

Approaches to reduce noise from ships operating in important killer whale habitats

The Design, Predictive Performance Modeling and Field Testing of Underwater Sound Attenuation Systems - A Review of Two Case Studies

Understanding and Mitigation of Underwater Sound in the Arctic

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