A Summary of Methods for Measuring Delay Discounting in Young Children

Staubitz, Johanna L.; Lloyd, Blair P.; Reed, Derek D.

doi:10.1007/s40732-018-0292-1

Cited by 14 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Moreover, this study is the first to demonstrate concordance between real and hypothetical rewards in children using any delay discounting task (Staubitz et al, 2018). This is particularly important as children have less experience with many of the skills needed to accurately respond to hypothetical questionnaires than adolescent and adult populations with whom such procedures are commonly employed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…With its low participant burden, the ADT‐5 has potential to allow for widespread assessment of delay discounting. In particular, this brief task may be especially useful for children, with whom studies of delay discounting have been much more limited relative to adults and adolescents (for a recent review, see Staubitz, Lloyd, & Reed, ). However, delay discounting methodologies originate from the nonhuman laboratory where real rewards are delivered, such that a common concern in using similar tasks with humans (where rewards are typically hypothetical) is the degree to which they correspond to discounting of real rewards and thereby serve as valid assessments of this process.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Comparing rapid assessments of delay discounting with real and hypothetical rewards in children

Miller

2019

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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Recent advances in assessment methodology have resulted in a highly efficient procedure for obtaining delay discounting rates for adults: a 5‐trial adjusting delay task (ADT‐5) examining intertemporal choice for hypothetical rewards. The low participant burden of this task makes it potentially useful for children, with whom delay discounting research is relatively limited. However, it is unknown whether results from this task match choice for real rewards. The present study assessed delay discounting for real and hypothetical monetary rewards using a modified ADT‐5 with 9 children admitted to a psychiatric day treatment program. Participants completed up to 3 tasks with each reward type in alternating order. No difference in discounting rate, via log(k), was observed between the first task of each reward type. This finding was replicated across subsequent tasks for the subset of participants (n = 6) who completed all 6 tasks. However, delay discounting of real and hypothetical rewards was not found to be statistically equivalent. These results suggest that a modified ADT‐5 using hypothetical rewards may be a viable option for assessing delay discounting in children with psychiatric diagnoses, but additional research is needed to explicitly examine whether hypothetical and real rewards are discounted equivalently in this population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing rapid assessments of delay discounting with real and hypothetical rewards in children

Miller

2019

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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“…However, it needs to be borne in mind that around 30% of children did not produce such data; this is despite the fact that we tried to ensure the task was child friendly, with concrete displays of the rewards. Notably, Staubitz et al () point out that many previous DD studies with children have not used any performance‐based exclusion criteria. Our data suggest that future studies using similar tasks need to include suitable checks to ensure that children who are not behaving systematically in the task or who appear not to engage with it are removed from the sample.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By contrast to the growing literature examining adolescent discount functions, there are relatively few studies examining discount functions among children in the period before adolescence (Staubitz, Lloyd, & Reed, ). The majority of the existing studies have been conducted to specifically examine whether there are group differences between children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and typically developing children.…”

Section: Inroductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In summary, various different techniques have examined children's ability to delay rewards. The hypothetical DD task that has been used extensively with adults and adolescents has occasionally been used with children, but it is not clear whether more complex versions of this task using multiple delays are suitable for use before adolescence (Staubitz et al, ). It is also not clear to what extent, specifically in a child population, such hypothetical DD tasks measure the same thing as the DoG choice tasks more typically used with children.…”

Section: Inroductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Examining children's ability to delay reward: Is the delay discounting task a suitable measure?

Burns

Fay

McCafferty

et al. 2019

Behavioral Decision Making

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Discounting the value of delayed rewards has primarily been measured in children with the delay of gratification task and in adolescents and adults with the delay discounting task. In the present study, we assessed the suitability of the delay discounting task as a measure of temporal discounting in children. A sample of 7‐ to 9‐year‐olds (N = 98) completed a delay discounting task, a delay of gratification task, a sensation seeking measure, and IQ measures. In addition, teacher‐based assessments of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder traits were measured. The results indicated that the majority of children produced meaningful data on the discounting task and discounted rewards hyperbolically. Children with an elevated risk of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder showed a trend towards discounting future rewards on the delay discounting task more steeply than did those at low risk. However, delay discounting was unrelated to either delay of gratification or sensation seeking. We interpret these results as providing some support for the use of delay discounting as a measure of intertemporal choice in children, although the results also suggest that delay discounting and delay of gratification tasks may tap different processes in this population.

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Description and evaluation of a function‐informed and mechanisms‐based framework for treating challenging behavior

Lambert¹,

Copeland²,

Paranczak³

et al. 2022

J of App Behav Analysis

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Individualization and iterative design are essential components of the assessment and treatment of challenging behavior. Currently, there are few validated frameworks for engaging in iterative processes. Due to the nature of single-case design, empirically rigorous evaluations of decision-tree processes are particularly prohibitive. Notwithstanding, evaluations are needed. In this paper we first describe a function-informed and mechanisms-based (FIMB) framework for selecting treatment components employed by a university-based practicum experience designed to expose pre-service practitioners to a valid treatment process for challenging behavior. Then, we share a completed retrospective consecutive case series across a 6-year period in which we conducted a technique analysis to identify which procedures were most commonly selected in the practicum, and the impact of those choices on client outcomes. The results suggest that the model can be highly effective for some, but not all, cases. Implications are discussed.

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A Summary of Methods for Measuring Delay Discounting in Young Children

Cited by 14 publications

References 89 publications

Comparing rapid assessments of delay discounting with real and hypothetical rewards in children

Comparing rapid assessments of delay discounting with real and hypothetical rewards in children

Examining children's ability to delay reward: Is the delay discounting task a suitable measure?

Description and evaluation of a function‐informed and mechanisms‐based framework for treating challenging behavior

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