A Summary of Reported Foodborne Disease Incidents in Sweden, 1992 to 1997

Lindqvist, Roland; Andersson, Yvonne; Jong, B de; Norberg, Per

doi:10.4315/0362-028x-63.10.1315

Cited by 32 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This is because foods excessively contaminated with pathogenic and spoilage micro-organism are undesirable and can cause food borne illnesses [1–3]. Such illnesses cost billions of dollars in medical care and sometimes even result to death [4].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cross-sectional study on the microbiological quality and safety of raw chicken meats sold in Nairobi, Kenya

et al. 2014

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BackgroundChicken is a rich source of meat protein and is increasingly being consumed in urban areas in Kenya. However, under poor hygienic environment, raw chicken meat presents an ideal substrate supporting the growth of pathogenic Escherichia coli and Coliform bacteria indicating the potential presence of other pathogenic bacteria; this may constitute a major source of food-borne illnesses in humans. This study sought to assess the microbiological quality and safety of raw chicken meat sold in Nairobi, Kenya by determining the E. coli/coliform contamination levels as well as the antimicrobial resistance patterns and pathogenicity of E. coli isolated.FindingsWe conducted a Cross-sectional study to collect two hundred raw chicken samples that were randomly purchased between the periods of August 2011-February 2012. Enumeration of bacteria was done using 3 M Petri film E. coli/Coliform count plates, isolation and identification of E. coli through standard cultural and biochemical testing, antimicrobial susceptibilities interpreted according to criteria set by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (2012) while Polymerase chain reaction assays were used to determine presence of virulence genes in isolated E. coli. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 17.0. Contamination rates were 97% and 78% respectively for Coliform bacteria and E. coli. Seventy six percent of samples fell under the unacceptable microbial count limit (>100 cfu/ml) and significant differences in the E. coli/coliform counts (p < 0.001) were observed among the chicken retail outlets with samples from supermarkets having the lowest level of contamination compared to the rest of the retail outlets. Seventy five percent of the isolates were resistant to at least one of the 12 antibiotics tested with resistance to tetracycline being the highest at 60.3%. In addition 40.4% E. coli isolates were positive for the ten virulence genes tested.ConclusionRaw retail chicken meats in Nairobi are not only highly contaminated, but also with potentially pathogenic and multi-drug resistant strains of E. coli. It will be important for public health authorities and retail chicken processing outlets to collaborate in ensuring adherence to set out principles of hygienic processing and handling of chicken meats in order to reduce potential risks of infection.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cross-sectional study on the microbiological quality and safety of raw chicken meats sold in Nairobi, Kenya

et al. 2014

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“…NV are regarded as one of the most common causes of foodborne infections (17,31,51). Foodborne transmission of NV is typically due to contamination caused by people handling the food rather than by contaminated raw materials; however, in the case of shellfish, particularly oysters, this is not the case.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Detection of Enteric Viruses in Shellfish from the Norwegian Coast

Myrmel

Berg

Rimstad

et al. 2004

Appl Environ Microbiol

102

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Common blue mussels (Mytilus edulis), horse mussels (Modiolus modiolus), and flat oysters (Ostrea edulis) obtained from various harvesting and commercial production sites along the Norwegian coast were screened for the presence of norovirus by a real-time reverse transcription (RT)-nested PCR assay and for possible indicators of fecal contamination, i.e., for F-specific RNA bacteriophages (F-RNA phages) by plaque assay and for human adenoviruses and human circoviruses by nested PCR assay. The aims were to obtain relevant information for assessing the risk of transmission of enteric viruses by shellfish and to investigate the potential of various indicator viruses in routine screening. Noroviruses were detected in 6.8% of the samples, and the indicators were detected in 23.8% (F-RNA phages), 18.6% (adenoviruses), and 8.0% (circoviruses) of the samples. A seasonal variation was observed, with the exception of circoviruses, with more positive samples in the winter. A positive correlation was found between F-RNA phages and noroviruses. However, F-RNA phages were present in only 43% of the norovirus-positive samples. The results show that mussels from the Norwegian coast can constitute a risk of infection with enteric viruses and that routine testing of samples may be justified. Advantages and disadvantages of various options for screening are discussed.

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“…Although RTE foods offer the advantage of saving cooking time, the lack of heating and cooking processes involved in their consumption makes them vulnerable to contamination by food-poisoning bacteria. After first identifying B. cereus as a foodborne pathogen in Norway in 1949, its outbreaks have been reported to be related to the consumption of fried rice, pasta, cooked vegetables, salad, and sprouts in several countries (Lindqvist et al, 2000;Sewell and Farber, 2001;Sivapalasingam et al, 2004). Infant formula is a milk-based nonsterile food product fed to infants for whom breastfeeding is difficult and for infants with incompletely developed immune systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of enterotoxin distribution, hemolysis, lecithinase, and starch hydrolysis of Bacillus cereus isolated from infant formulas and ready-to-eat foods

Hwang

Park

2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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Bacillus cereus is a ubiquitous environmental microbe implicated as a main cause of food poisoning with various symptoms, depending on the strain type and the isolation source. In this study, the potential virulence factors and biochemical properties of B. cereus isolated from infant formulas and ready-to-eat (RTE) foods were analyzed and compared. A total of 347 B. cereus strains were isolated and identified from 687 infant food formulas and RTE food samples. All the isolates had one or more enterotoxin genes, and one-half of the strains had all 3 enterotoxin genes (hbl, nhe, and cytK) that are involved in food poisoning in humans. Here, all the 3 genes were detected in 50% of the B. cereus isolates from RTE foods and only 14% of the isolates were identified from infant formulas. The latter harbored low cytK and bceT, and very low hbl genes. Most B. cereus isolates possessed the hemolysis gene, but not the ces gene. The infant formula isolates showed stronger hemolysis activity than the other isolates. In addition, 26% of the total isolates showed low lecithinase activities and 10% showed high lecithinase activities. A greater number of isolates from the infant formula showed high lecithinase activity than those from the RTE foods. Approximately 83% of the isolates were positive and 17% were negative for starch hydrolysis. Over 90% of the RTE food isolates and only 35% of the infant formula isolates were positive for starch hydrolysis. However, all the strains possessed nhe, but their harboring patterns of hbl and cytK were significantly different. Most starch-hydrolyzing strains possessed hbl, but only 23% nonstarch-hydrolyzing isolates possessed this gene. Moreover, very low nonstarch hydrolyzing strains harbored cytK. Most nonstarch-hydrolyzing isolates showed high lecithinase and strong hemolysis activities, and very low hbl and cytK harboring. In summary, most infant formula isolates showed stronger hemolysis and higher lecithinase activities with lower frequency of harboring hbl and cytK and lower starch hydrolysis compared with RTE food isolates.

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A Summary of Reported Foodborne Disease Incidents in Sweden, 1992 to 1997

Cited by 32 publications

References 13 publications

A cross-sectional study on the microbiological quality and safety of raw chicken meats sold in Nairobi, Kenya

A cross-sectional study on the microbiological quality and safety of raw chicken meats sold in Nairobi, Kenya

Detection of Enteric Viruses in Shellfish from the Norwegian Coast

Characteristics of enterotoxin distribution, hemolysis, lecithinase, and starch hydrolysis of Bacillus cereus isolated from infant formulas and ready-to-eat foods

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