A sunlight phytotron unit as a practical research tool

Zscheile, F. P.; Henderson, Sylvia; Leonard, Arthur S.; Neubauer, L. W.; Sluka, S. J.

doi:10.3733/hilg.v36n14p493

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Twenty-three days after planting, the pots were transferred to a sunlit, controlled environment phytotron (28). A metal halide lamp supplied 750 JLEinsteinsjm•-sec irradiation (400 to 700 nm) at the plant surface.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Diurnal Variation in Light and Temperature on the Acetylene Reduction Activity (Nitrogen Fixation) of Subterranean Clover¹

Eckart¹,

Raguse

1980

Agronomy Journal

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Singly, or in combination, both light intensity or temperature can limit symbiotic N fixation. Most reported studies have been done to investigate the effects of only one of these factors. The present study was done to determine N fixation response to variation in both light and temperature for an annual range legume which, during its normal growing season, may be subject to growth limiting levels of both environmental factors. Plants of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L., ‘Mt. Barker’) were grown from seed to the sixth trifoliolate leaf stage in sand with N‐deficient nutrient solution. Plant containers were designed to permit sampling of the rooting atmosphere for acetylene reduction assay during treatment conditions, which were maintained with controlled‐environment facilities. During the treatment phase light and temperature were investigated by: 1) varying both diurnally; 2) varying light diurnally under constant temperature; 3) varying temperature diurnally under constant light; and 4) maintaining both light and temperature constant. Apparent N2 fixation (acetylene reduction) showed diurnal fluctuations under: 1) constant light; and 2) 12/12 hour light/dark regimes when root and air temperature fluctuated by 7 and 14 C, respectively. In constant temperature and either normal photoperiods or constant light, however, no significant diurnal fluctuation of acetylene reduction was measured. Under both constant temperature regimes a gradual increase in acetylene reduction activity, which may have been an artifact, was observed. These results show that diurnal changes in acetylene reduction by subterranean clover result more from fluctuations in temperature than from diurnal changes in light and suggest that N2 fixation by root nodules of this species is buffered against short‐term changes in photosynthate supply.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Diurnal Variation in Light and Temperature on the Acetylene Reduction Activity (Nitrogen Fixation) of Subterranean Clover¹

Eckart¹,

Raguse

1980

Agronomy Journal

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“…The experiments were conducted in a sunlit phytotron (20) where light intensity and duration varied daily and with the seasons during which the experiments were conducted. Construction of this facility permits inside light intensity and quality to be similar to that out of doors.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subclover Early Growth Responses to Levels and Placements of Superphosphate and Ammonium Nitrate

1990

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Single superphosophate (SSP) commonly has been used to correct soil deficiencies of P and S in rangeland seedings of annual legumes. This study evaluated rates and soil placement of P and S as SSP and N as ammonium nitrate on germination (emergence), seedling growth, and nodulation of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.). The soil was a Sobrante‐Las Posas association (fineloamy or fine mixed thermic family of mollic haploxeralfs). Plants were grown from seed in three separate greenhouse experiments. The SSP levels varied from 31 to 4000 kg ha−1 (equivalent to 2.4 and 313 kg ha−1 P and 3.7 and 480 kg ha−1 S). Nitrogen varied from 40 to 160 kg ha−1. Placements were: 5 cm below the seed, 1.25 cm side‐banded, broadcast, and seed placed. Responses measured included emergence, growth rate, shoot weight, nodulation, and P toxicity symptoms. Negative effects of SSP mainly reduced emergence and increased plant toxicity symptoms and occurred at levels ≥1000 to 4000 kg ha−1. Negative effects of N (at 160 kg ha−1) were mainly on nodulation. Positive effects on most growth parameters and nodulation were largely confined to SSP levels ≤500 kg ha−1 and were best expressed by an asymptotic regression function. Placement effects generally were small except for seed‐placed reduction of emergence above 1000 kg ha−1 SSP. Soil‐banded placement treatments usually were more beneficial to growth than either broadcast or seed placed.

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“…The heat stress or high temperature treatment, corresponding to a day/night maximum/minimum temperature of 40°C/20°C was conducted inside a sunlit stationary phytotron room (32) with about 19 m 2 of utilizable area. Heat-stressed plants of each of the three experiments received six to seven hours of daily exposure to 40°C between 1100 h and 1800 h. Non-stressed plants (control) remained inside a greenhouse at maximum day temperatures between 25 ° and 29°C and minimum night temperatures from 15.5 ° to 16.5°C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stomatal Response of Three Grapevine Cultivars (Vitis viniferaL.) to High Temperature

Sepúlveda

Kliewer

1986

Am J Enol Vitic.

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Potted Cardinal, Chardonnay, and Chenin blanc vines were subjected to heat stress of 40°C and 20°C (day and night temperatures, respectively) for periods of 0 (control), four, eight, and 12 days before returning the vines to optimal day temperature conditions of 25°C to 29°C in a greenhouse for an eight-day "recovery period". Root temperatures were maintained constant during the heat stress period by holding the pots in a water bath. Stomatal conductance, predawn leaf water potential, air and leaf temperatures, relative humidity, and photosynthetic active radiation were measured throughout the experiment. Heat stress markedly reduced stomatal conductance (Cs)in Chardonnay and Chenin blanc vines. Under optimal temperature conditions (25 ° to 29°C/15 ° to 16°C day/night temperatures), Chardonnay vines had the highest Cs, followed by Chenin blanc and Cardinal, whereas under heat stress (40°C), Chenin blanc had the highest Cs, followed by Chardonnay and Cardinal. However, Cardinal was the least affected of the three cultivars. Within one to four days after heat-stressed vines were returned to optimal day temperature conditions, Cs was similar to that of control vines.

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A sunlight phytotron unit as a practical research tool

Cited by 11 publications

References 14 publications

Effects of Diurnal Variation in Light and Temperature on the Acetylene Reduction Activity (Nitrogen Fixation) of Subterranean Clover¹

Effects of Diurnal Variation in Light and Temperature on the Acetylene Reduction Activity (Nitrogen Fixation) of Subterranean Clover¹

Subclover Early Growth Responses to Levels and Placements of Superphosphate and Ammonium Nitrate

Stomatal Response of Three Grapevine Cultivars (Vitis viniferaL.) to High Temperature

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A sunlight phytotron unit as a practical research tool

Cited by 11 publications

References 14 publications

Effects of Diurnal Variation in Light and Temperature on the Acetylene Reduction Activity (Nitrogen Fixation) of Subterranean Clover1

Effects of Diurnal Variation in Light and Temperature on the Acetylene Reduction Activity (Nitrogen Fixation) of Subterranean Clover1

Subclover Early Growth Responses to Levels and Placements of Superphosphate and Ammonium Nitrate

Stomatal Response of Three Grapevine Cultivars (Vitis viniferaL.) to High Temperature

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Effects of Diurnal Variation in Light and Temperature on the Acetylene Reduction Activity (Nitrogen Fixation) of Subterranean Clover¹

Effects of Diurnal Variation in Light and Temperature on the Acetylene Reduction Activity (Nitrogen Fixation) of Subterranean Clover¹