A super-extractant for denitrogenation of liquid fuel: Phosphonium based zwitterionic liquid

Mosayebi, Elham; Azizian, Saeid; Yarie, Meysam; Zolfigol, Mohammad Ali

doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115326

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The presented procedure is not limited to the mentioned reaction, and this method can be utilized for some other organic reactions. For example, we have used nonstoichiometric ratios of reactants for the preparation of various ionic liquids, molten salts, and gelatoric materials with high purity, − and also recently for the synthesis of a catalyst . For example, this method is applicable to the synthesis of phosphonium-based ionic liquids (Scheme ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, this method is applicable to the synthesis of phosphonium-based ionic liquids (Scheme ). − In these reactions, since the products and alkylating agents are highly polar and their separation from each other is very difficult, the best option for easy purification of the product is to use an excess amount of tributylphosphine (nonstoichiometric ratio of reactants), which is easily soluble in nonpolar solvents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Importance of Nonstoichiometric Ratio of Reactants in Organic Synthesis

Zolfigol,

Azizian,

Torabi

et al. 2024

J. Chem. Educ.

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In chemical synthesis, obtaining product(s) with high purity is a crucial issue from both academic and industrial viewpoints. Higher purity of the product(s) means higher quality and a lower chemical production costs. Sometimes, purification and separation processes are very laborious and lead to significant impacts on the final price of the desired product(s). Simple and new synthetic methods for the preparation of highly pure product(s) have always been a challenge for synthetic and industrial chemists. In this paper, the relationship between the mass of reactants, quantity amount of each substance, and number of elementary entities, which are very important in obtaining the stoichiometric ratio of reactants, is first reviewed. Then, we show that using a nonstoichiometric ratio of reactants is a crucial and easy method in some organic reactions for obtaining products with high purity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of Nonstoichiometric Ratio of Reactants in Organic Synthesis

Zolfigol,

Azizian,

Torabi

et al. 2024

J. Chem. Educ.

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“…Currently, nitrogen oxides (NO x ) are emitted from the combustion of nitrogen compounds (NCs) existing in fossil fuels, such as gasoline, diesel, coal liquefied oil, and coal pyrolysis oil [1,2]. Emissions of large amounts of NO x may cause acid rain, global warming, and destruction of the ozone layer [3,4]. In addition, NO x may also have many adverse effects on the human respiratory system [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The NCs present in fossil fuels are mainly nitriles, amines, and heterocyclic aromatic compounds, such as pyridine, indole, or pyrroles [6]. Industrially, the traditional method for reducing the nitrogen content in fossil fuels is hydrodenitrogenation (HDN), which is a reduction reaction in the presence of hydrogen and a catalyst to produce NH 3 [4,7]. Although the HDN technology can be applied for de-aliphatic nitrides on an industrial scale, unsaturated aromatic compounds, such as indole, carbazole, pyridine, and their alkylated compounds can saturate the catalyst surface, reducing the efficiency of the HDN process [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of 2‐Pyrrolidone Protic Ionic Liquids on Removal of Pyridine from Fossil Fuel Model Mixtures

Yang¹,

Wang

Gao

et al. 2022

Chem Eng & Technol

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To reduce emission of nitrogen oxides (NOx) mainly produced from the combustion of nitrogen compounds (NCs) in fossil fuels, it is necessary to decrease the NCs content in fossil fuels. 2‐Pyrrolidone‐based protic ionic liquids (PrILs) with three different anions were synthesized by a one‐step method. The three PrILs were used as extractants to extract pyridine from the model mixtures. The extraction efficiency (EE) was considered to evaluate the extraction performance of the PrILs. The interactions between the PrILs and pyridine were analyzed by σ‐profiles, bond length, and deformation charge density. The results show that the hydrogen bond (H‐bond) formed between pyridine and the three PrILs is the main driving force for the extraction of pyridine from the model mixtures.

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“…More importantly, it can prevent the N-compounds from the conversion. So far, large amounts of extractants have been reported, for example, N , N -dimethylformamide, N -methylformamide, polyethylene glycols (PEGs), , ionic liquids (ILs), − and deep eutectic solvents (DESs). − However, these extractants were effective for either the basic or the non-basic but hard to simultaneously remove the both. At present, the key point is how to simultaneously extract the basic and the non-basic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Extraction of Both Basic and Non-basic N-Compounds from Oil via Triethylene Glycol–Metal Complex Solvent: Performance and Behavior

et al. 2022

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Simultaneous extraction of basic and non-basic N-compounds from oil is still a big challenge. Triethylene glycol (TEG) encounters very weak Brønsted acidity. Its N-distribution coefficient [D N, (mmol·gEx –1)/(mmol·gOil –1)] for the basic was below 7.0. In this work, metals dissolved in TEG can improve the Lewis acidity of the extractant and bring about the simultaneous removal. For example, D N of TEG–Ag(I) can increase to 40.5 for quinoline and 57.9 for pyridine, respectively. For the non-basic, it still remained higher than 70.0. The promoted performance was ascribed to the improvement of extractive behavior of the basic. From TEG to TEG–Ag(I), first, the distribution of equilibrium N-concentrations between two phases was significantly changed from the straight line to the non-linear curve with the plateau. Second, the interaction type inside the system was optimized. The Ag(I)-based complexation coupled with the TEG-based H-bonding was identified. Third, the interaction intensity was increased as well. Ag(I) contributed much to reduction of Gibbs free energy change for the basic. Therefore, enhancing Lewis acidity of the extractant was a feasible way for the extraction of the N-compounds.

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A super-extractant for denitrogenation of liquid fuel: Phosphonium based zwitterionic liquid

Cited by 13 publications

References 45 publications

The Importance of Nonstoichiometric Ratio of Reactants in Organic Synthesis

The Importance of Nonstoichiometric Ratio of Reactants in Organic Synthesis

Effect of 2‐Pyrrolidone Protic Ionic Liquids on Removal of Pyridine from Fossil Fuel Model Mixtures

Simultaneous Extraction of Both Basic and Non-basic N-Compounds from Oil via Triethylene Glycol–Metal Complex Solvent: Performance and Behavior

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