A super-tough ionic conductive hydrogel with anti-freezing, water retention, and self-regenerated properties for self-powered flexible sensor

A Series of POM–Viologen Photo-/Electrochromic Hybrids and Hydrogels Acting as Multifunctional Sensors for Detecting UV, Hg2+, and Organic Amines

“…It has good flexibility, chemical stability, and environmental protection. Therefore, it is widely used in electronic wearable devices, sensors, biomedicines, and other fields . In addition, polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogels contain large amounts of lithium chloride, making them excellent for water retention in low humidity environments .…”

“…Therefore, it is widely used in electronic wearable devices, 20 sensors, 21 biomedicines, 22 and other fields. 23 In addition, polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogels contain large amounts of lithium chloride, making them excellent for water retention in low humidity environments. 24 Due to its good flexibility and ionic conductivity, PAAm hydrogels can be applied to flexible electronic materials, portable photochromic materials, electro- chromic materials, etc.…”

Continuous Spinning of High‐Tough Hydrogel Fibers for Flexible Electronics by Using Regional Heterogeneous Polymerization

“…[ 1 ] Remarkably, current conductive hydrogel sensors are mainly fabricated from hydrogel‐based blocks or membranes to convert external stimuli into collectable electrical signals, which to some extent hinders their application in more diverse environments. [ 2 ] In addition, the large size and isotropic homogeneous structure of hydrogel blocks or membrane‐based sensors are also unfavorable for their response and sensitivity. [ 3 ] Unlike hydrogel blocks or membranes, hydrogel fibers are 1D materials with high specific surface area and ease of building 2 and 3D structures, which can miniaturize the size of hydrogels to increase the effective sensing area and meet various other sensing requirements.…”

Synchronous Ultraviolet Polymerization Strategy to Improve the Interfacial Toughness of Bilayer Hydrogel Actuators

“…Aiming at the problem of interfacial delamination in bilayer hydrogel actuators, introducing physical interactions (hydrogen bonds, metal-coordination, host–guest interaction, hydrophobic association, etc.) was an effective method for enhancing the interface toughness of bilayer hydrogel actuators. − For example, Sun et al introduced nanoclay into the bilayer hydrogel actuator to enhance the hydrogen bonding interactions within and between the gels, preventing delamination and cracking of the actuator due to excessive local stress at the interface during thermal response bending …”