“…The magnetizable particles can be either distributed homogeneously (isotropic) or in a chain-like manner (anisotropic) within the matrix (Fan et al, 2019). The MREs are, thus, considered to offer meritorious potentials for many engineering applications, particularly for vibration and noise reduction; thanks to their wide variations in stiffness and energy absorption properties, apart from the low response time, stability, compatibility with mechanical components and reasonably low power requirement (Li et al, 2014; Vatandoost et al, 2019). A number of studies have also demonstrated macroscopic applications of MREs such as vibration isolator for highway bridges (Yarra et al, 2018), vehicle seat suspensions (Du et al, 2011), powertrain mounts (Xin et al, 2016b), adaptive tuned vibration absorbers (ATVAs) (Qian et al, 2017; Sun et al, 2017), structural seismic mitigation as well microscopic applications such as force sensors (Li et al, 2009), soft actuator (Kashima et al, 2012), sealing eye retina detachments (Alekhina et al, 2018), MRE-based stiffness display (Hooshiar et al, 2020), and artificial lymphatic vessels (Behrooz, 2015).…”