A Surface Acoustic Wave Sensor with a Microfluidic Channel for Detecting C-Reactive Protein

Jeng, Ming–Jer; Li, Ying-Chang; Sharma, Mukta; Chen, Chia-Wei; Tsai, Chia-Lung; Lin, Yi‐Ying; Huang, Shiang‐Fu; Chang, Liann‐Be; Lai, Chao−Sung

doi:10.3390/chemosensors9050106

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The detection of proteins and biomolecules in human serum plays an important role in the clinical diagnosis of diseases. Biomarkers, which are proteins found in human serum, for the early detection of inflammations, allergic reactions, diseases like cancer, neurological disorders, myocardial infarction, and viral infectious diseases can be detected using SAW biosensors [247,258,278,[281][282][283]. Sensitive, rapid, real-time, label-free, and easy detection of these disease biomarkers without the use of extra reagents and complex laboratory expertise or equipment, makes them suitable for POC applications.…”

Section: (I) Protein and Biomolecular Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acoustic Biosensors and Microfluidic Devices in the Decennium: Principles and Applications

Nair

Teo

2021

Micromachines

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Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) technology has gained primary attention in the past decade, where label-free biosensors and microfluidic actuation platforms are integrated to realize such LOC devices. Among the multitude of technologies that enables the successful integration of these two features, the piezoelectric acoustic wave method is best suited for handling biological samples due to biocompatibility, label-free and non-invasive properties. In this review paper, we present a study on the use of acoustic waves generated by piezoelectric materials in the area of label-free biosensors and microfluidic actuation towards the realization of LOC and POC devices. The categorization of acoustic wave technology into the bulk acoustic wave and surface acoustic wave has been considered with the inclusion of biological sample sensing and manipulation applications. This paper presents an approach with a comprehensive study on the fundamental operating principles of acoustic waves in biosensing and microfluidic actuation, acoustic wave modes suitable for sensing and actuation, piezoelectric materials used for acoustic wave generation, fabrication methods, and challenges in the use of acoustic wave modes in biosensing. Recent developments in the past decade, in various sensing potentialities of acoustic waves in a myriad of applications, including sensing of proteins, disease biomarkers, DNA, pathogenic microorganisms, acoustofluidic manipulation, and the sorting of biological samples such as cells, have been given primary focus. An insight into the future perspectives of real-time, label-free, and portable LOC devices utilizing acoustic waves is also presented. The developments in the field of thin-film piezoelectric materials, with the possibility of integrating sensing and actuation on a single platform utilizing the reversible property of smart piezoelectric materials, provide a step forward in the realization of monolithic integrated LOC and POC devices. Finally, the present paper highlights the key benefits and challenges in terms of commercialization, in the field of acoustic wave-based biosensors and actuation platforms.

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Section: (I) Protein and Biomolecular Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acoustic Biosensors and Microfluidic Devices in the Decennium: Principles and Applications

Nair

Teo

2021

Micromachines

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“…Today, SAW technology is used in a wide range of electronic devices and systems, such as 5G wireless communication systems, internet of things (IoT) devices, and wearable technology [ 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Additionally, the advancements in the technology have opened up new possibilities for SAW technology, such as in the field of sensing applications [ 7 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The high stability, high quality factor (Q-factor), and low power consumption of SAW devices make them particularly attractive for use in sensing applications. They can be used to develop a wide range of sensors, including temperature, pressure, and chemical sensors [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. These sensors are based on the principle of measuring the change in the SAW device resonant frequency caused by changes in the physical quantity being measured.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These sensors are based on the principle of measuring the change in the SAW device resonant frequency caused by changes in the physical quantity being measured. For example, chemical sensors based on SAW devices have been developed for the detection of a wide range of chemical compounds, including gases, liquids, and biomolecules [ 11 , 12 , 14 , 18 , 19 ]. They are very attractive because of their high sensitivity and selectivity, as well as their ability to operate in harsh environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development and Validation of an ANN-Based Approach for Temperature-Dependent Equivalent Circuit Modeling of SAW Resonators

et al. 2023

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In this paper, a novel approach is proposed for modeling the temperature-dependent behavior of a surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonator, by using a combination of a lumped-element equivalent circuit model and artificial neural networks (ANNs). More specifically, the temperature dependence of the equivalent circuit parameters/elements (ECPs) is modeled using ANNs, making the equivalent circuit model temperature-dependent. The developed model is validated by using scattering parameter measurements performed on a SAW device with a nominal resonant frequency of 423.22 MHz and under different temperature conditions (i.e., from 0 °C to 100 °C). The extracted ANN-based model can be used for simulation of the SAW resonator RF characteristics in the considered temperature range without the need for further measurements or equivalent circuit extraction procedures. The accuracy of the developed ANN-based model is comparable to that of the original equivalent circuit model.

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“…This interaction improves the performances of the sensor, and is generally fundamental to add specificity to the detection [ 5 ]. Thanks to their versatility, SAW biosensors find a variety of applications, such as in the detection of proteins [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ], viruses [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ] and bacteria [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW)-Based Lab-on-Chip for the Detection of Active α-Glycosidase

Gagliardi

Agostini²,

Lunardelli

et al. 2022

Biosensors

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Enzyme detection in liquid samples is a complex laboratory procedure, based on assays that are generally time- and cost-consuming, and require specialized personnel. Surface acoustic wave sensors can be used for this application, overcoming the cited limitations. To give our contribution, in this work we present the bottom-up development of a surface acoustic wave biosensor to detect active α-glycosidase in aqueous solutions. Our device, optimized to work at an ultra-high frequency (around 740 MHz), is functionalized with a newly synthesized probe 7-mercapto-1-eptyl-D-maltoside, bringing one maltoside terminal moiety. The probe is designed ad hoc for this application and tested in-cuvette to analyze the enzymatic conversion kinetics at different times, temperatures and enzyme concentrations. Preliminary data are used to optimize the detection protocol with the SAW device. In around 60 min, the SAW device is able to detect the enzymatic conversion of the maltoside unit into glucose in the presence of the active enzyme. We obtained successful α-glycosidase detection in the concentration range 0.15–150 U/mL, with an increasing signal in the range up to 15 U/mL. We also checked the sensor performance in the presence of an enzyme inhibitor as a control test, with a signal decrease of 80% in the presence of the inhibitor. The results demonstrate the synergic effect of our SAW Lab-on-a-Chip and probe design as a valid alternative to conventional laboratory tests.

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A Surface Acoustic Wave Sensor with a Microfluidic Channel for Detecting C-Reactive Protein

Cited by 10 publications

References 41 publications

Acoustic Biosensors and Microfluidic Devices in the Decennium: Principles and Applications

Acoustic Biosensors and Microfluidic Devices in the Decennium: Principles and Applications

Development and Validation of an ANN-Based Approach for Temperature-Dependent Equivalent Circuit Modeling of SAW Resonators

A Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW)-Based Lab-on-Chip for the Detection of Active α-Glycosidase

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