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Two borate-carbonates Ba 4 M(CO 3) 2 (BO 3) 2 (M = Ba, Sr) have been successfully synthesized in the open air representing the first examples of borate-carbnate complex. Their structures were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction and they both crystallize in same space group, Pnma. Their structures feature a Ba/Sr-based three dimensional framework composed of the BaO 8 polyhedra (the SrO 8 polyhedra), isolated BO 3 and CO 3 triangles. Detailed structure analysis shows that the intergrowth of [Ba 3 (BO 3) 2 ]/ [Ba 2 Sr(BO 3) 2 ] and [BaCO 3 ] layers favors the formation of these two borate-carbonates. In addition, their syntheses, spectroscopic properties and thermal behaviors were investigated.
Two borate-carbonates Ba 4 M(CO 3) 2 (BO 3) 2 (M = Ba, Sr) have been successfully synthesized in the open air representing the first examples of borate-carbnate complex. Their structures were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction and they both crystallize in same space group, Pnma. Their structures feature a Ba/Sr-based three dimensional framework composed of the BaO 8 polyhedra (the SrO 8 polyhedra), isolated BO 3 and CO 3 triangles. Detailed structure analysis shows that the intergrowth of [Ba 3 (BO 3) 2 ]/ [Ba 2 Sr(BO 3) 2 ] and [BaCO 3 ] layers favors the formation of these two borate-carbonates. In addition, their syntheses, spectroscopic properties and thermal behaviors were investigated.
The production of H2 and O2 from solar-light photocatalytic water splitting has attracted significant research attention as a clean and renewable source of energy. In this study, hydrogenated TiO2/SrTiO3 porous microspheres were prepared as a high-performance photocatalyst. Titanium glycerolate and then strontium complex precursors were first prepared via a two-step solvothermal process, then, after calcination in air and subsequent H2/Ar reduction treatments, hydrogenated TiO2/SrTiO3 porous microspheres with controllable defects and band positions were prepared. Several characterization techniques were used to demonstrate that the catalyst heterostructures, the oxygen-vacancy content, and the unique porous structures synergistically enhanced the visible-light harvesting abilities and photogenerated charge separation, and resulted in improved photocatalytic efficiency for H2 and O2 evolution. As expected, the optimum treatment conditions provided hydrogenated TiO2/SrTiO3 porous microspheres that showed excellent photocatalytic activity with H2 and O2 evolution rates of 239.97 and 103.79 μmol h −1 (50 mg catalyst, under AM 1.5 irradiation), respectively, which were ca. 5.9 and 6.6 times higher, respectively, than those of solid TiO2/SrTiO3 materials. Thus, this type of hydrogenated TiO2/SrTiO3 porous microsphere catalyst shows great potential as a photocatalyst for solar-energy conversion applications.
<div><span id="docs-internal-guid-460a2724-7fff-20a8-5ee3-cab002df95e2" style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">SrTiO</span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;">3</span></span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> adalah material berstruktur perovskit yang dilaporkan berpotensi sebagai material fotokatalis. Penggantian pada sebagian kation-</span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">A</span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> material fotokatalis berstruktur perovskit dilaporkan dapat menurunkan energi celah pitanya, akan tetapi unsur pengganti juga dilaporkan mempengaruhi morfologi partikel yang terbentuk. Dalam penelitian ini, dikaji pengaruh penggantian kation-</span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">A</span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> pada SrTiO</span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;">3</span></span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">(Ba</span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;">x</span></span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Sr</span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;">(1-</span></span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;">x</span></span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;">)</span></span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">TiO</span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;">3</span></span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> (</span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">x </span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">= 0; 0,2; 0,4; 0,6; 0,8)) terhadap morfologi partikelnya. Senyawa uji disintesis dengan metode lelehan garam dan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan garam NaCl. Difraktogram sampel menunjukkan bahwa senyawa uji berhasil disintesis kecuali pada </span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">x</span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = 0,8 masih ditemukan senyawa pengotor yang berupa TiO</span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;">2</span></span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> dan BaCO</span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;">3</span></span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. Gambar SEM menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan kation Ba mengubah morfologi partikel dari </span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">nearly cubic</span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> menjadi bentuk polihedra dan menyebabkan</span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ukuran partikel menjadi lebih besar.</span></div><div><p id="docs-internal-guid-0488c78a-7fff-568a-5430-127fc7bc6541" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-left: 0.35pt; margin-right: -0.1pt; text-align: justify; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></p><p style="line-height: 1.2; margin-left: 0.35pt; margin-right: -0.1pt; text-align: justify; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;" dir="ltr"><strong><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Effect of Cation-</span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">A</span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">/Sr Replacement by Ba on Particle Morphology of Ba</span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;">x</span></span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Sr</span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;">(1-</span></span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;">x</span></span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;">)</span></span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">TiO</span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;">3</span></span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> (x = 0; 0.2; 0.4; 0.6; 0.8) Synthesized by Molten Salt Method. </span></strong><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">SrTiO</span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;">3</span></span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> is a perovskite structure material that is reported as a potential photocatalyst material. Replacement of a part of the </span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">A</span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">-cation on a perovskite structure was reported can reduce its bandgap energy. However, the replacement element was also reported to affect the particle morphology. In this study, the effect of </span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">A-</span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">cation replacement on SrTiO</span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;">3</span></span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> (Ba</span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;">x</span></span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Sr</span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;">(1-</span></span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;">x</span></span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;">)</span></span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">TiO</span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;">3</span></span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> (</span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">x </span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">= 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8) to its particle morphology was studied. The sample of Ba</span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;">x</span></span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Sr</span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;">(1-</span></span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;">x</span></span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;">)</span></span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">TiO</span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;">3</span></span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> (</span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">x </span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">= 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6) were synthesized by molten salt synthesis method (using NaCl salt). The diffractogram showed that the target compound was successfully synthesized but at </span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">x </span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">= 0.8 still found impurities TiO</span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;">2</span></span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> and BaCO</span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;">3</span></span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. SEM images showed that Ba-cation presence changes the particle morphology from nearly cubic to polyhedral shape and the particle size also becomes larger. </span></p></div>
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