A surgical orthotopic approach for studying the invasive progression of human bladder cancer

Abstract

The invasion of bladder cancer into the sub-urothelial muscle and vasculature are key determinants leading to lethal metastatic progression. However, the molecular basis is poorly understood, partly because of the lack of uncomplicated and reliable models that recapitulate the biology of locally invasive disease. We developed a surgical grafting technique, characterized by a simple, rapid, reproducible and high-efficiency approach, to recapitulate the pathobiological events of human bladder cancer invasion in mice. This technique consists of a small laparotomy and direct implantation of human cancer cells into the bladder lumen. Unlike other protocols, it does not require debriding of the urothelial lining, injection into the bladder wall, specialized imaging equipment, bladder catheterization or costly surgical equipment. With minimal practice, the procedure can be executed in <10 min. Tumors develop with a high take rate, and most cell lines exhibit local invasion within 4 weeks of implantation.

Patient-Derived Xenograft Models in Urological Malignancies: Urothelial Cell Carcinoma and Renal Cell Carcinoma

“…However, various methods of orthotopic bladder PDX model creation have been described in the literature. One such method utilizes a small laparotomy incision to exteriorize the bladder, followed by drainage and direct injection of tumor cells into the bladder lumen [28]. Alternatively, transurethral injection of cells into the bladder lumen has been described following an electrical or chemical perturbation of the bladder lumen, though inconsistent take-rates have largely limited this approach to patient-derived cell lines rather than bulk tumor implantation [29,30].…”

Systemic Overview of Microstrip Patch Antenna’s for Different Biomedical Applications

“…85 A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t When the propagation signals are sent through the muscles implanted inserts inside the body to the external which is placed outside the body, and then more losses can be seen in the propagation signal because of the extra layers of muscle. 90 Also, a reflection of the signals can be seen in the boundaries between the bone and tissues . 91 This means that the transmitter and the receiver placed under the same sink conditions (one inside the body and other outside the body) should be placed at a shorter distance.…”

Circular RNA circ_0000515 adsorbs miR-542-3p to accelerate bladder cancer progression via up-regulating ILK expression

“…BC incidence rises with age, reaching a peak at 50-70 years old [ 1 ]. Despite the great progress in strategies for treatment, the prognostic index of BC patients is still pessimistic, and specifically, the relapse rate after surgery is as much as 70% within 5 years [ 2 ]. Therefore, the next focus on the progression course of BC molecular mechanism may ensure valuable insights into the treatment of this disease.…”