“…16 With respect to three types of design variables, structural design optimization can be classified into three categories, namely, size optimization, shape optimization, and topology optimization. And different types of optimization problems solved by different stochastic search algorithms have been presented by researches, such as size optimization, 3,4,8,12,[16][17][18][19] size and shape optimization, [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] or size, shape, and topology optimization. [30][31][32][33][34][35] This paper is a subsequent research of the studies of Li and Au, 12 Li, 13 and Li and Ma.…”