A Survey of Algorithms and Systems for Evacuating People in Confined Spaces

Bi, Huibo; Gelenbe, Erol

doi:10.3390/electronics8060711

Cited by 32 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 146 publications

(193 reference statements)

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“…In particular, the automatic models allow simulating at the same time the behaviour of several hundreds of persons that act and interact in a different way from each other [11,16]. Simulation processes can be based on genetic algorithms and game theory [17,18]. Among the features, that can be taken into account through a simulation model of the exodus, the most important are the following.…”

Section: Simulation Models For Evacuationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Egress from a Hospital Ward During Fire Emergency

D’Orazio¹,

Grossi²,

Ursetta³

et al. 2020

IJSSE

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There are many issues in a hospital evacuation, related both to conditions of the patients and to building complexity. Moreover, as consequences of fire, there may be delays in surgeries and medical diagnosis, or interruption in treatment for both inpatient and outpatient. This work identifies and assesses problems that arise in the egress from the ward located at third floor of the Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital of Rome, using a simulation software. Moreover, we perform a comparison between simulation results and experimental results by means of a real fire drill. We have considered a maximum of 116 people in the ward to its maximum capacity. We have created three different fire scenarios: fire in the electrical room, in the kitchen room and in a patient room. The time needed to evacuate fully the ward was far behind the fire resistance time of the structures. More than that, there was an overcrowded area in the ward that acted as a bottleneck: the so-called "smoke proof filter"; this area is intended to separates the two near wards and, although built according to the Italian fire department regulation, it holds back people and beds.

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Section: Simulation Models For Evacuationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Egress from a Hospital Ward During Fire Emergency

D’Orazio¹,

Grossi²,

Ursetta³

et al. 2020

IJSSE

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“…By substituting (8), (10) and 11with (2), (3), (5) and into 7, we can express (7) as a function of q n i ,k :…”

Section: Gradient Optimisation For Packet Flowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the previous emergency navigation algorithms [10] use a single metric to select paths for all evacuees without considering their characteristics in terms of age, mobility, level of resistance to hazard etc., and therefore, may require diverse services during an emergency. For instance, evacuees such as sick people or aged people need to choose the safest paths that will be well ahead of the spreading hazard while for others may prefer the quickest paths without hazard.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cooperative and Energy-Efficient Strategies in Emergency Navigation Using Edge Computing

Shang

Chen

2020

IEEE Access

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Nowadays, public transportation junctions (PTJs) such as metro stations and railway stations can involve up to half of urban traffic and account for a large portion of energy usage in urban areas. The tremendous traffic and energy flows in PTJs have induced severe problems in safety and efficiency. Thus, in this paper, we present a comprehensive edge computing enabled navigation framework to aid the emergent evacuation processes within PTJs with respect to energy and safety restrictions. From the energy-saving aspect, due to the resource restraints of the on-site Internet of Things (IoT) based environmental monitoring system, a queueing network model is utilised to balance the energy utilisation and reduce the congestion of the sensing and navigation process during emergency. From the safety aspect, three edge computing aided cooperative strategies are proposed to dynamically assign evacuees into several groups to adapt their course of action with regard to their physical conditions and immediate environments. Simulation results show that the use of the queueing network model can reduce and balance the energy utilisation of the on-site IoT network. Experiments also show that the use of cooperative strategies to adjust the evacuees' category and the associated routing algorithm can achieve higher survival rates.

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“…Many algorithms have been devised for the development of evacuation guidance systems [2]. For example, network flow-based approaches model evacuation planning as a minimum cost network flow problem [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LED Wristbands for Cell-Based Crowd Evacuation: An Adaptive Exit-Choice Guidance System Architecture

López-Carmona

García

2020

Sensors

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Cell-based crowd evacuation systems provide adaptive or static exit-choice indications that favor a coordinated group dynamic, improving evacuation time and safety. While a great effort has been made to modeling its control logic by assuming an ideal communication and positioning infrastructure, the architectural dimension and the influence of pedestrian positioning uncertainty have been largely overlooked. In our previous research, a cell-based crowd evacuation system (CellEVAC) was proposed that dynamically allocates exit gates to pedestrians in a cell-based pedestrian positioning infrastructure. This system provides optimal exit-choice indications through color-based indications and a control logic module built upon an optimized discrete-choice model. Here, we investigate how location-aware technologies and wearable devices can be used for a realistic deployment of CellEVAC. We consider a simulated real evacuation scenario (Madrid Arena) and propose a system architecture for CellEVAC that includes: a controller node, a radio-controlled light-emitting diode (LED) wristband subsystem, and a cell-node network equipped with active Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) devices. These subsystems coordinate to provide control, display, and positioning capabilities. We quantitatively study the sensitivity of evacuation time and safety to uncertainty in the positioning system. Results showed that CellEVAC was operational within a limited range of positioning uncertainty. Further analyses revealed that reprogramming the control logic module through a simulation optimization process, simulating the positioning system’s expected uncertainty level, improved the CellEVAC performance in scenarios with poor positioning systems.

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A Survey of Algorithms and Systems for Evacuating People in Confined Spaces

Cited by 32 publications

References 146 publications

Egress from a Hospital Ward During Fire Emergency

Egress from a Hospital Ward During Fire Emergency

Cooperative and Energy-Efficient Strategies in Emergency Navigation Using Edge Computing

LED Wristbands for Cell-Based Crowd Evacuation: An Adaptive Exit-Choice Guidance System Architecture

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