A Survey of Bats in a Karst Landscape in the Central Philippines

Sedlock, Jodi L.; Jose, Reizl P.; Vogt, Jessica M.; Paguntalan, Lisa Marie J.; Cariño, Apolinario Bernardo

doi:10.3161/150811014x683390

Cited by 29 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Pipistrellus javanicus Pija 31.7-35.0 5 5.3-8.0 5 42.9-50.7 6 1.4-6.4 6 9.8-23.4 6 Scotophilus kuhlii Scku 47.1-51. 1 Heaney et al [27]; 2 from free-flying bats in this study; 3 Sedlock et al [63]; 4 minimum frequency from zero-crossing recordings, Sedlock [62]; 5 from bats captured in this study; 6 recorded from free-flying bats in a large (10 × 5 × 5 m tunnel traps on Mt. Banahaw, unpublished data; 7 hand released free flying bats in this study; 8 recorded from hand-held bats on Mt.…”

Section: Assignment Of Bats To Functional Guildsmentioning

confidence: 64%

Local-Scale Bat Guild Activity Differs with Rice Growth Stage at Ground Level in the Philippines

et al. 2019

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High-flying insectivorous bats, as wide-ranging generalist insectivores, are valuable consumers of high-altitude migrating pests of rice in Southeast Asia. Here, we documented the behavior of relatively low-flying bats over irrigated rice to elucidate their potential role as predators of rice-associated pest insects in the Philippines. Specifically, we tested the local-scale effects of rice stage, particularly seedling and late vegetative stages, and time of night on acoustic activity of bats foraging near ground level within three functional guilds (based on foraging distance from background clutter). We also monitored bat activity from two 50 m-high towers to assess the vertical extent of relatively low-flying guilds, as well as document high-flying bat guild presence and temporal behavior. At ground level, the most active guild biased their activity and feeding over early growth stage fields, but also foraged at tower level. Activity of the bat guild adept at foraging closest to vegetation did not vary with time of night or rice stage and was absent from tower recordings. High-flying bats were predictably rare at rice level, but exhibited high foraging intensity at 50 m. Given the well-documented, sequential arrival of insect guilds with growth stage, these data suggest that at ground level edge-space bats may be important consumers of detritivores (e.g., mosquitoes). Moreover, our data suggest that just as habitat heterogeneity enhances the services of arthropod predators, these management practices also enhance bat activity and, presumably, their contribution to pest suppression.

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Section: Assignment Of Bats To Functional Guildsmentioning

confidence: 64%

Local-Scale Bat Guild Activity Differs with Rice Growth Stage at Ground Level in the Philippines

et al. 2019

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“…We identified the frequency at which most energy was expended during the call sequence based on the power spectrum; we considered this the peak frequency (kHz). We compared and supplemented our data using published echolocation records from Bohol Island (see [38]).…”

Section: Foraging Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Assemblage and Species Threshold Responses to Environmental and Disturbance Gradients Shape Bat Diversity in Disturbed Cave Landscapes

et al. 2018

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Ecological thresholds represent a critical tipping point along an environmental gradient that, once breached, can have irreversible consequences for species persistence and assemblage structure. Thresholds can also be used to identify species with the greatest sensitivity to environmental changes. Bats are keystone species yet are under pressure from human disturbances, specifically landscape and cave disturbances (i.e., reduced forest cover, urbanization, hunting, tourism). We compared bat assemblages across environmental and disturbance gradients measured at 56 caves in the Philippines to identify species-specific thresholds and assess congruence among species responses. All species exhibited significant responses to one or more gradients, with 84% responding to more than one gradient. Yet mixed responses of sensitivity to some gradients but tolerance to others hindered identification of assemblage thresholds to all gradients except landscape disturbance. However, we identified credible indicator species that exhibit distinct thresholds to specific gradients and tested for differences in ecological and morphological traits between species groups with shared responses (i.e., negative or positive). Few traits were useful for discriminating the direction of a species response, with some exceptions. Species that responded positively to increased landscape disturbance and hunting had greater body mass, whereas species that responded negatively to mining emitted higher peak call frequencies.

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“…These species indeed show high levels of local endemism here (Clements, Sodhi, Schilthuizen, & Ng, 2008) and migration of sedentary species between limestone outcrops is considered to be rare (Sodhi, Koh, Brook, & Ng, 2004;Vermeulen & Whitten, 1999). Many are very localized and show a differentiated population structure (Latinne, Waengsothorn, Herbreteau, & Michaux, 2011;Schilthuizen et al, 2006;Sedlock, Jose, Vogt, Paguntalan, & Cariño, 2014). Several studies have shown regional genetic diversity between locations just tens of kilometres apart to be very high (Latinne et al, 2011;Schilthuizen, Vermeulen, Davison, & Gittenberger, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeography of Bornean land snails suggests long‐distance dispersal as a cause of endemism

Hendriks

Alciatore

Etienne

2019

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim Islands are often hotspots of endemism due to their isolation, making colonization a rare event and hence facilitating allopatric speciation. Dispersal usually occurs between nearby locations according to a stepping‐stone model. We aimed to reconstruct colonization and speciation processes in an endemic‐rich system of land‐based islands that does not seem to follow the obvious stepping‐stone model of dispersal. Location Five land‐based habitat archipelagos of limestone outcrops in the floodplain of the Kinabatangan River in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Methods We studied the phylogeography of three species complexes of endemic land snails, using multiple genetic markers. We calculated genetic distances between populations, applied beast2 to reconstruct phylogenies for each taxon and subsequently reconstructed ancestral ranges using ‘BioGeoBEARS’. Results We found spatial‐genetic structure among nearby locations to be highly pronounced for each taxon. Genetic correlation was present at small spatial scales only and disappeared at distances of 5 km and above. Most archipelagos have been colonized from within the region multiple times over the past three million years, in 78% of the cases as a result of long‐distance dispersal (LDD) or dispersal from non‐adjacent limestone outcrops. The flow of the main geographical feature within the region, the Kinabatangan River, did not play a role. Main conclusions Phylogeographic structure in these Bornean land snails has only partly been determined by small‐scale dispersal, where it leads to isolation‐by‐distance, but mostly by LDD. Our results demonstrate that island endemic taxa only very locally follow a simple stepping‐stone model, whilst dispersal to non‐adjacent islands and especially LDD, is most important. This leads to the formation of highly localized, isolated “endemic populations” forming the onset of a complex radiation of endemic species.

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A Survey of Bats in a Karst Landscape in the Central Philippines

Cited by 29 publications

References 35 publications

Local-Scale Bat Guild Activity Differs with Rice Growth Stage at Ground Level in the Philippines

Local-Scale Bat Guild Activity Differs with Rice Growth Stage at Ground Level in the Philippines

Assemblage and Species Threshold Responses to Environmental and Disturbance Gradients Shape Bat Diversity in Disturbed Cave Landscapes

Phylogeography of Bornean land snails suggests long‐distance dispersal as a cause of endemism

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