A Survey of Bovine Brucellosis in Four Districts of Uganda

Newton, Fiona Joy; Jones, E.; Connor, R.J.; Davidson, Brenda; McGovern, P.T.

doi:10.1016/s0007-1935(17)35889-x

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The individual animal prevalence of brucellosis obtained in this study was below the high ranges given by Berman (1981) for East Africa (15%) and Newton et al. (1974) for Uganda (18%) and for intra‐ (5.2%) and peri‐urban (9.6%) dairy production systems in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Asfaw et al., 1998).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Prevalence of Mastitis and Brucellosis in Cattle in Awassa and the Peri-Urban Areas of Two Smaller Towns

Abebe

Ike

Siegmund‐Schultze

et al. 2009

Zoonoses and Public Health

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The prevalence of mastitis and brucellosis in urban and peri-urban settings was studied in Awassa and two smaller nearby towns in southern Ethiopia, because milk-born diseases are causing a risk for human health, besides direct impacts on animal production. Mastitis was investigated by examining 80 cows (320 udder quarters) using California mastitis test (CMT) and somatic cell count (SCC). The prevalence of brucellosis was assessed by sampling 177 cattle in Awassa and its peri-urban areas using serological methods. Logistic regression was used to analyse risk factors associated with mastitis. Prevalence of clinical mastitis on quarter level was 0.9%, and 1.9% of quarters were non-functional or blocked. Prevalence of sub-clinical mastitis at quarter level in urban and peri-urban areas was significantly different (P < 0.05). Cows in large herds and at advanced lactation number were associated with higher risk of infection. The percentage of quarters positive on CMT (42.5%) was close to the percentage-positive detected by SCC (41.2%). Prevalence of brucellosis was 3.9% in the peri-urban area, while no brucellosis cases were detected in Awassa. More frequent use of artificial insemination in the urban than in peri-urban area might have contributed to the absence of brucellosis in the urban location. The extent of mastitis is, however, a threat to the dairy enterprise in and around Awassa. Pasteurization of milk and milk products is indicated in some parts of the area because of the danger of brucellosis.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Prevalence of Mastitis and Brucellosis in Cattle in Awassa and the Peri-Urban Areas of Two Smaller Towns

Abebe

Ike

Siegmund‐Schultze

et al. 2009

Zoonoses and Public Health

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“…It is therefore important to know the prevalence and risk factors in cattle. A number of studies of brucellosis prevalence in cattle have been conducted in Uganda [10-15]. It has been suggested that the high plateau lands of western and eastern Uganda were zones of hyper-endemicity, for both human and bovine brucellosis, while the Central and Southern part of the Uganda along the shores of Lake Victoria were zones of moderate endemicity [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herd prevalence of bovine brucellosis and analysis of risk factors in cattle in urban and peri-urban areas of the Kampala economic zone, Uganda

et al. 2011

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BackgroundHuman brucellosis has been found to be prevalent in the urban areas of Kampala, the capital city of Uganda. A cross-sectional study was designed to generate precise information on the prevalence of brucellosis in cattle and risk factors for the disease in its urban and peri-urban dairy farming systems.ResultsThe adjusted herd prevalence of brucellosis was 6.5% (11/177, 95% CI: 3.6%-10.0%) and the adjusted individual animal prevalence was 5.0% (21/423, 95% CI: 2.7% - 9.3%) based on diagnosis using commercial kits of the competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CELISA) for Brucella abortus antibodies. Mean within-herd prevalence was found to be 25.9% (95% CI: 9.7% - 53.1%) and brucellosis prevalence in an infected herd ranged from 9.1% to 50%. A risk factor could not be identified at the animal level but two risk factors were identified at the herd level: large herd size and history of abortion. The mean number of milking cows in a free-grazing herd (5.0) was significantly larger than a herd with a movement restricted (1.7, p < 0.001).ConclusionsVaccination should be targeted at commercial large-scale farms with free-grazing farming to control brucellosis in cattle in and around Kampala city.

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“…In 1972, the cattle prevalence was 16.3% in Ankole (southwest), 12.4% in Karamoja (northeast), 19.7% in West Nile (northwest) and 18.7% in Tororo (southeast) using the complement fixation test [3]. A few years later, using serum agglutination tests, the cattle prevalence was 19.7% in East Ankole (western), 23.3% in East Acholi (north), 9.0% in East Lango (north), 16.2% in Bulemezi (central) and 1.0% in Entebbe (central) [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Human Brucellosis Incidence in Urban Kampala Can Be Reduced Most Efficiently? A Stochastic Risk Assessment of Informally-Marketed Milk

et al. 2010

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BackgroundIn Kampala, Uganda, studies have shown a significant incidence of human brucellosis. A stochastic risk assessment involving two field surveys (cattle farms and milk shops) and a medical record survey was conducted to assess the risk of human brucellosis infection through consumption of informally marketed raw milk potentially infected with Brucella abortus in Kampala and to identify the best control options.Methodology/Principal FindingsIn the cattle farm survey, sera of 425 cows in 177 herds in the Kampala economic zone were sampled and tested for brucellosis using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CELISA). Farmers were interviewed for dairy information. In the milk shop surveys, 135 milk sellers in the urban areas were interviewed and 117 milk samples were collected and tested using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IELISA). A medical record survey was conducted in Mulago National Referral Hospital for serological test results. A risk model was developed synthesizing data from these three surveys. Possible control options were prepared based on the model and the reduction of risk was simulated for each scenario. Overall, 12.6% (6.8–18.9: 90%CI) of informally marketed milk in urban Kampala was contaminated with B.abortus at purchase and the annual incidence rate was estimated to be 5.8 (90% CI: 5.3–6.2) per 10,000 people. The best control option would be the construction of a milk boiling centre either in Mbarara, the largest source of milk, or in peri-urban Kampala and to ensure that milk traders always sell milk to the boiling centre; 90% success in enforcing these two options would reduce risk by 47.4% (21.6–70.1: 90%CI) and 82.0% (71.0–89.0: 90%CI), respectively.Conclusion/SignificanceThis study quantifies the risk of human brucellosis infection through informally marketed milk and estimates the incidence rate in Kampala for the first time; risk-based mitigation strategies are outlined to assist in developing policy.

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A Survey of Bovine Brucellosis in Four Districts of Uganda

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Prevalence of Mastitis and Brucellosis in Cattle in Awassa and the Peri-Urban Areas of Two Smaller Towns

Prevalence of Mastitis and Brucellosis in Cattle in Awassa and the Peri-Urban Areas of Two Smaller Towns

Herd prevalence of bovine brucellosis and analysis of risk factors in cattle in urban and peri-urban areas of the Kampala economic zone, Uganda

How Human Brucellosis Incidence in Urban Kampala Can Be Reduced Most Efficiently? A Stochastic Risk Assessment of Informally-Marketed Milk

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