A Survey of BSDF Measurements and Representations

Abstract

Measuring and representing light reflection and transmission accurately are core to high fidelity visual simulation of materials. In this paper, we analyze state-of-the-art Bidirectional Scattering Distribution Function (BSDF) measurements and models. We show that the most of the state-ofthe-art BSDF models do not suggest a general solution for any surface class, from glasses to metals, isotropic to anisotropic materials, and daylight redirecting films. Furthermore, it's shown that an accurate and dense BSDF acquisition is not a trivial task at especially some specific measurement angles, such as normal incidence and grazing angles. In this paper, we address the problem of finding a general solution for efficient BSDF measurement and representation. We also outline the main issues that do not allow the effective use of current BSDF representations. Finally, we suggest open research issues that need to be investigated in BSDF literature.

GenPluSSS: A Genetic Algorithm Based Plugin for Measured Subsurface Scattering Representation

“…Thus, we are interested in providing for the representation of homogeneous and heterogeneous subsurface scattering effects at different 3D modeling tools. We are also interested in representing BRDFs [1-3, 14,19,22,23,26,35-38,46,47], BSDFs [16][17][18]27,48,49], and multi-layered materials [27,29,48] at various 3D modeling tools.…”

“…Light scattering occurs at various layers at the material and this situation provides some of this inner part of material to be seen. In the field of computer graphics, realistic representation of optically thick, translucent materials requires modeling of the Bidirectional Surface Scattering Reflectance Distribution Function (BSSRDF), which is a generalization of the Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) introduced by Nicodemus et al [32], [18,23].…”

On virtual auras

“…Apart from state of the art methods of measuring complex surface reflectance properties at research centres such as CultLab3D (Singh 2014) in Darmstadt and the Dome II project at the University of Bonn (Schwarz et al 2013) (see also Murat 2018), digitisation technologies which rely on measuring reflected light at a single angle (whether by triangulating a laser spot or taking a photograph) will fail to accurately capture texture (and potentially geometry) for a wide variety of cultural heritage objects, including, but not limited to:…”