A survey of challenges for runtime verification from advanced application domains (beyond software)

Sánchez, César; Schneider, Gerardo; Ahrendt, Wolfgang; Bartocci, Ezio; Bianculli, Domenico; Colombo, Christian; Falcone, Ylìès; Francalanza, Adrian; Krstić, Srđan; Lourenço, João; Ničković, Dejan; Pace, Gordon J.; Rufino, José; Signoles, Julien; Traytel, Dmitriy; Weiß, Alexander

doi:10.1007/s10703-019-00337-w

Cited by 80 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 306 publications

(390 reference statements)

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“…Runtime monitoring involves a collection of approaches to evaluate formal specifications on traces of systems in order to verify the correctness of the system. Thus, runtime monitoring is also known as runtime verification, which is an area of formal methods that studies the dynamic analysis of execution traces against formal specifications [32]. The runtime monitoring or runtime verification techniques play an important role in many application domains, such as distributed systems; hybrid and embedded systems; hardware; security & privacy; transactional information systems; contracts & policies; huge, unreliable or approximated domains [32].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, runtime monitoring is also known as runtime verification, which is an area of formal methods that studies the dynamic analysis of execution traces against formal specifications [32]. The runtime monitoring or runtime verification techniques play an important role in many application domains, such as distributed systems; hybrid and embedded systems; hardware; security & privacy; transactional information systems; contracts & policies; huge, unreliable or approximated domains [32]. These techniques are usually used to enhance the reliability of onboard or on-orbit systems, and related to health management in the field of aerospace.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On-Orbit Event-Based Conformance Checking Using GPU

2019

IEEE Access

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In the past few years, China's space science and application has entered the stage of the space station with large-scale space science experiments. The number of flight missions related to space science grows rapidly, meanwhile, the corresponding payloads from various fields of science become more complicated. This paper breaks through the traditional management mode in which the payloads of space science are usually monitored by space-ground telemetry links and proposes an approach to utilize workflow net models to monitor the experimental processes of on-orbit payloads in real time. This approach can effectively offload the pressure of space-ground communication as well as the pressure of ground monitor stations. In this approach, spectral graph clustering is used in decomposing a workflow net model when the model is too huge to be processed in parallel on one single GPU (graphic processing units) device, and hybrid parallel computing algorithms are designed to carry out conformance checking operations based on observed events from on-orbit payloads in real time. The algorithms are implemented with a gatherapply-scatter model in CUDA 9.0 (compute unified device architecture) on Jetson TX2i module and are benchmarked. The performance of the algorithms is acceptable for practical use on orbit. INDEX TERMS Petri nets, parallel processing, parallel algorithms, partitioning algorithms, network theory (graphs).

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-Orbit Event-Based Conformance Checking Using GPU

2019

IEEE Access

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“…The first concrete outputs of this Working Group is a series of documents that give a roadmap for the application of RV techniques to the areas listed above, identifying connections with established work in the respective sub-areas of computer science, and challenges and opportunities. A summary of the content of these works where consolidated into a paper (60 pages, 336 references) and will appear in journal survey publication, currenty under submission [38]. Second, a concrete case study has been defined, aiming at a RV solution for multicore systems using dedicated monitoring hardware based on FPGAs to show the feasibility and general applicability of RV techniques (ongoing work).…”

Section: Contracts and Policiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

COST Action IC1402 Runtime Verification Beyond Monitoring

Colombo

Falcone

Leucker

et al. 2018

Runtime Verification

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In this paper we report on COST Action IC1402 which studies Runtime Verification approaches beyond Monitoring. COST Actions are funded by the European Union and are an efficient networking instrument for researchers, engineers and scholars to cooperate and coordinate research activities. This COST action IC1402 lasted over the past four years, involved researchers from 27 different European countries and Australia and allowed to have many different working group meetings, workshops and individual visits.

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“…When using RV, one first generates a monitor from a specification, ideally automatically, and then uses the monitor to analyze the behavior of a system under study. RV is considered to be "a practical application of formal verification" and "a less ad-hoc approach complementing conventional testing and debugging" [40]. Unlike static formal verification, RV sacrifices completeness since it can only analyze (a finite collection of) finite traces of a system under observation, which are typically (a finite set of) prefixes of (a potentially infinite set of) potentially unbounded computations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gray-box monitoring of hyperproperties with an application to privacy

Stucki

Sánchez

Schneider

et al. 2021

Form Methods Syst Des

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Runtime verification is a complementary approach to testing, model checking and other static verification techniques to verify software properties. Monitorability characterizes what can be verified (monitored) at run time. Different definitions of monitorability have been given both for trace properties and for hyperproperties (properties defined over sets of traces), but these definitions usually cover only some aspects of what is important when characterizing the notion of monitorability. The first contribution of this paper is a refinement of classic notions of monitorability both for trace properties and hyperproperties, taking into account, among other things, the computability of the monitor. A second contribution of our work is to show that black-box monitoring of HyperLTL (a logic for hyperproperties) is in general unfeasible, and to suggest a gray-box approach in which we combine static and runtime verification. The main idea is to call a static verifier as an oracle at run time allowing, in some cases, to give a final verdict for properties that are considered to be non-monitorable under a black-box approach. Our third contribution is the instantiation of this solution to a privacy property called distributed data minimization which cannot be verified using black-box runtime verification. We use an SMT-based static verifier as an oracle at run time. We have implemented our gray-box approach for monitoring data minimization into the proof-of-concept tool Minion. We describe the tool and apply it to a few case studies to show its feasibility.

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A survey of challenges for runtime verification from advanced application domains (beyond software)

Cited by 80 publications

References 306 publications

On-Orbit Event-Based Conformance Checking Using GPU

On-Orbit Event-Based Conformance Checking Using GPU

COST Action IC1402 Runtime Verification Beyond Monitoring

Gray-box monitoring of hyperproperties with an application to privacy

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