A survey of current architectures for connecting wireless mobile ad hoc networks to the Internet

Abstract

SUMMARYConnecting wired and wireless networks, and particularly mobile wireless ad hoc networks (MANETs) and the global Internet, is attractive in real-world scenarios due to its usefulness and praticality. Because of the various architectural mismatches between the Internet and MANETs with regard to their communication topology, routing protocols, and operation, it is necessary to introduce a hybrid interface capable of connecting to the Internet using Mobile IP protocol and to MANETs owing to an ad hoc routing protocol. Specifically, the approaches available in the literature have introduced updated versions of Mobile IP agents or access points at the edge of the Internet to help MANET nodes get multi-hop wireless Internet access. The main differences in the existing approaches concern the type of ad hoc routing protocol as well as the switching algorithm used by MANET nodes to change their current Mobile IP agents based on specific switching criteria. This paper surveys a variety of approaches to providing multi-hop wireless Internet access to MANET nodes.

Mobility and handoff management in vehicular networks: a survey

“…Some research works have been done for the integration of MANETs and Internet. A survey of this topic can be found in Reference 42. Since VANET is a special type of MANET, we review the solutions for an integration of MIPv6 with MANETs.…”

Lessons learned from the simulation experience of a three-tier multi-hop wireless Internet architecture

“…For the sake of completeness, we briefly review some of them in this paper. The interested reader is referred to the survey paper [1] for more information about the analysis of these approaches and their comparison framework. Lei and Perkins [21] proposed to use a modified Routing Information Protocol (RIP) to unicast packets between a foreign agent and every MANET node, which is out of the foreign agent's coverage area.…”

“…The idea of connecting MANET to the Internet was originally introduced by Perkins [23] and since then, his model has become the basis for a variety of methods that have been proposed so far in this context. In [1], we have surveyed a sample of approaches for providing MANET nodes with multi-hop wireless Internet access. For the sake of completeness, we briefly review some of them in this paper.…”

Improving mobile ad hoc network routing with satellite out‐of‐band signaling

“…Commonly, satellite systems are considered as a natural extension of MANETs because of their global coverage. In this respect, they play a role by bridging isolated nodes or interconnecting the MANET with an external network such as the Internet .…”