A Survey of Detection of Cognitive Impairment using Non-invasive Indicators

Abstract

Cognitive Impairment is a stage where a person faces difficulty in processing information, remembering, learning new things, concentrating or making decisions affecting their day to day life. These impairments range from mild to severe stage and in the long term they lead to Dementia and Alzheimer's disease. A person may have natural decline of cognition over the age and the nature of impairment changes from person to person. It's important to detect and measure these changes from time to time. The heterogeneous nature of Cognitive impairment and the natural decline of cognition over the age makes its detection more difficult. The review presented here is a study of various non-invasive methods such as neuropsychological tests, speech and eye dynamics used to measure cognitive and behavioural changes. These methods are used in preclinical frontline screening and diagnosis of impairment and they have their have their own relative accuracy when used separately. This review explores a multi-modal approach of combining these cognitive and behavioural markers to improve detection accuracy.