A Survey of Environment and Management in Norwegian Dairy Herds with Reference to Udder Diseases

Housing, Feeding and Management of Calves and Replacement Heifers in Swedish Dairy Herds

“…This is a lower use of pens with a slatted floor than has been reported from Norway (33.8%) and from the county of Västerbotten in Sweden (54%) [3,4]. There is also a lower usage of pens with a slatted floor but a higher usage of litter pens than reported from Denmark (44% and 8.1%, respectively) by [1,21] found a higher incidence of diseases in cattle kept on a slatted floor compared with cattle in litter pens.…”

“…In an investigation in 328 Norwegian dairy herds [3], 3.7% of the herds kept their calves separated from older cattle. [55] found housing mostly together with older cattle to be a risk factor for pneumonia.…”

An Epidemiological Study of Calf Health and Performance in Norwegian Dairy Herds

“…A survey of environment and management in 328 Norwegian dairy herds with reference to udder diseases was carried out in 1977-79 (Bakken, 1981). The present study dealing with calf health and performance was carried out in 1978 and 1979 within the same herds.…”

Welfare in Danish Dairy Herds 3. Health Management and General Routines in 1983 and 1994

“…With little straw, the bed is harder, leading to a higher risk of contusions on hocks, foreknees etc. In a Norwegian study of328 tying herds where the majority used saw dust (90.3%), Bakken (1981) also found that the amount of litter mainly varied according to the dung removal system. The large variation among the herds, and especially among tie stall farms usmg very high amounts of straw, may also indicate that some farmers expected the cows to eat from the bedding.…”

“…This may be due to the fact that more women are working outside the farms in 1994. In a study of 328 Norwegian dairy herds, Bakken (1981) found that the husband participated in the work in 88% of the herds, the man and wife did the JOb in 20.2% of the herds, and the whole family participated in 10.1 % of the herds. This corresponded well to the Damsh results from 1983.…”